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Jubilees

About this book

Joseph in Potiphar’s House

Chapter 39

1 And Jacob lived in the land where his father had lived as a foreigner in the land of Canaan. These are the generations of Jacob. 2 And Joseph was seventeen years old when they took him down into the land of Egypt, and Potiphar, a eunuch of Pharaoh, the chief cook bought him. 3 And he set Joseph over all his house and the blessing of the Lord came upon the house of the Egyptian on account of Joseph, and the Lord prospered him in all that he did. 4 And the Egyptian committed everything into the hands of Joseph; for he saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord prospered him in all that he did.

Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife

5 And Joseph's appearance was handsome [and his appearance was very beautiful], and his master's wife looked up and saw Joseph, and she loved him and begged him to lie with her. 6 But he did not surrender his soul, and he remembered the Lord and the words which Jacob, his father, used to read from among the words of Abraham,⁠ that no man should commit adultery with a woman who has a husband; that for him the punishment of death has been ordained in the heavens before the Most High God,⁠ and the sin will be recorded against him in the eternal books continually before the Lord. 7 And Joseph remembered these words and refused to lie with her. 8 And she begged him for a year, but he refused and would not listen. 9 But she embraced him and held him tightly in the house in order to force him to lie with her, and closed the doors of the house and held him tightly; but he left his clothing in her hands and broke through the door and fled outside from her presence. 10 And the woman saw that he would not lie with her, and she slandered him in the presence of his master, saying 'Your Hebrew servant, whom you love, tried to force me so that he might lie with me; and when I cried out he fled and left his clothing in my hands when I held him, and he broke through the door.' 11 And the Egyptian saw the clothing of Joseph and the broken door, and heard the words of his wife, and threw Joseph into prison into the place where the prisoners were kept whom the king imprisoned.

Joseph in Prison

12 And he was there in the prison; and the Lord gave Joseph favor in the sight of the chief of the prison guards and compassion before him, for he saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord made all that he did to prosper. 13 And he committed all things into his hands, and the chief of the prison guards knew of nothing that was with him, for Joseph did everything, and the Lord perfected it. And he remained there two years.

Joseph Interprets Two Dreams

14 And in those days Pharaoh, king of Egypt was angry against his two eunuchs, against the chief cupbearer, and against the chief baker, and he put them in custody in the house of the chief cook, in the prison where Joseph was kept. 15 And the chief of the prison guards appointed Joseph to serve them; and he served before them. 16 And they both dreamed a dream, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, and they told it to Joseph. 17 And as he interpreted to them so it happened to them, and Pharaoh restored the chief cupbearer to his office and he killed the (chief) baker, as Joseph had interpreted to them. 18 But the chief cupbearer forgot Joseph in the prison, although he had informed him what would happen to him, and did not remember to inform Pharaoh how Joseph had told him, for he forgot.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 39:6 and 4 Maccabees 2:3

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry

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Summary

Jubilees expands on Genesis, saying Joseph resisted his master's wife because Abraham had taught him that adultery brought the death penalty. In 4 Maccabees, Joseph is similarly praised, but the credit instead goes to reason overcoming his desire.

Passages

Jubilees 39:6

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
5 And Joseph's appearance was handsome [and his appearance was very beautiful], and his master's wife looked up and saw Joseph, and she loved him and begged him to lie with her. 6 But he did not surrender his soul, and he remembered the Lord and the words which Jacob, his father, used to read from among the words of Abraham, that no man should commit adultery with a woman who has a husband; that for him the punishment of death has been ordained in the heavens before the Most High God, and the sin will be recorded against him in the eternal books continually before the Lord. 7 And Joseph remembered these words and refused to lie with her.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

4 Maccabees 2:3

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
1 And why is it surprising if the desires of the soul for union with beauty are made powerless? 2 It is for this, at any rate, that the self-controlled Joseph is praised, because by his reasoning he mastered sensual pleasure. 3 For although he was young and at the height of sexual desire, he overcame the frenzy of his emotions by reasoning. 4 And reasoning is seen to master not only the frenzy of sensual pleasure, but every desire. 5 For instance, the law says, “You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor.”
19–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Maccabees

References

... Joseph is his exemplar of self-control. With the mere mention of his name, the author evokes the full story of his remarkable ability to resist the advances of his master’s wife (Genesis 39:7–12), a story that was greatly expanded in Testament of Joseph 2.7–10.4 into a long string of temptations and harassments by the Memphite woman over a seven-year period (extending even into his imprisonment), during which Joseph resisted by fasting and prayer. Joseph’s display of self-control is all the more admirable because he was “young” (νέος). ...
David A. DeSilva, 4 Maccabees: Introduction and Commentary on the Greek Text in Codex Sinaiticus, SEPT (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 94.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jubilees 39:6 and 4 Maccabees 2:3

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