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Jubilees

About this book

Jacob Leaves Laban

Chapter 29

1 And when Rachel had borne Joseph, Laban went to shear his sheep; for they were distant from him a three days' journey. 2 And Jacob saw that Laban was going to shear his sheep, and Jacob called Leah and Rachel, and spoke kindly to them that they should come with him to the land of Canaan. 3 For he told them how he had seen everything in a dream, even all that He had spoken to him that he should return to his father's house, and they said: 'To every place where you go we will go with you.' 4 And Jacob blessed the God of Isaac his father, and the God of Abraham his grandfather, and he set out and helped his wives and children mount, and took all his possessions and crossed the river, and came to the land of Gilead, and Jacob hid his intention from Laban and did not tell him. 5 And in the seventh year of the fourth week Jacob turned (his face) toward Gilead in the first month, on the twenty-first of it [2135]. And Laban pursued after him and overtook Jacob in the mountain of Gilead in the third month, on the thirteenth of it. 6 And the Lord did not allow him to injure Jacob; for he appeared to him in a dream by night. And Laban spoke to Jacob. 7 And on the fifteenth of those days Jacob made a feast for Laban, and for all who came with him, and Jacob swore to Laban that day, and Laban also to Jacob, that neither should cross the mountain of Gilead to the other with evil purpose. 8 And he made there a heap for a witness; therefore the name of that place is called: 'The Heap of Witness,' after this heap. 9 But previously they called the land of Gilead the land of the Rephaim; for it was the land of the Rephaim,⁠ and the Rephaim were born (there), giants whose height was ten, nine, eight down to seven cubits.⁠ 10 And their territory was from the land of the children of Ammon to Mount Hermon, and their royal capitals were Karnaim and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, and Misur, and Beon.⁠ 11 And the Lord destroyed them because of the evil of their deeds; for they were very wicked,⁠ and the Amorites lived in their place, wicked and sinful, and there is no people today which has committed to the full all their sins, and they have no longer a long life on the earth.

Jacob Meets Esau and Returns to His Parents

12 And Jacob sent away Laban, and he departed into Mesopotamia, the land of the East, and Jacob returned to the land of Gilead. 13 And he crossed the Jabbok in the ninth month, on the eleventh of it. And on that day Esau, his brother, came to him, and he was reconciled to him, and departed from him to the land of Seir, but Jacob lived in tents. 14 And in the first year of the fifth week in this jubilee [2136] he crossed the Jordan, and lived beyond the Jordan, and he pastured his sheep from the sea of the heap to Bethshan, and to Dothan and to the forest of Akrabbim. 15 And he sent to his father Isaac of all his possessions, clothing, and food, and meat, and drink, and milk, and butter, and cheese, and some dates of the valley. 16 And to his mother Rebekah also four times a year, between the times of the months, between plowing and reaping, and between autumn and the rain (season) and between winter and spring, to the tower of Abraham. 17 For Isaac had returned from the Well of the Oath and gone up to the tower of his father Abraham, and he lived there apart from his son Esau. 18 For in the days when Jacob went to Mesopotamia, Esau married Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, and he gathered together all the flocks of his father and his wives, and went up and lived on Mount Seir, and left Isaac his father at the Well of the Oath alone. 19 And Isaac went up from the Well of the Oath and lived in the tower of Abraham his father on the mountains of Hebron, 20 And Jacob sent there all that he sent to his father and his mother from time to time, all they needed, and they blessed Jacob with all their heart and with all their soul.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 2:20 and Jubilees 29:9

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Deuteronomy adds a note about how Ammon was once a land of Rephaim, giants that God destroyed so others could settle in their land. Jubilees adds a similar side note about Gilead, basing its account of the giants’ old land on Deuteronomy.

Passages

Deuteronomy 2:20

Hebrew Bible
19 But when you come close to the Ammonites, do not harass or provoke them because I am not giving you any of the Ammonites’ land as your possession; I have already given it to Lot’s descendants as their possession.” 20 (That also is considered to be a land of the Rephaites. The Rephaites lived there originally; the Ammonites call them Zamzummites. 21 They are a people as powerful, numerous, and tall as the Anakites. But the Lord destroyed the Rephaites in advance of the Ammonites, so they dispossessed them and settled down in their place. 22 This is exactly what he did for the descendants of Esau who lived in Seir when he destroyed the Horites before them so that they could dispossess them and settle in their area to this very day.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Jubilees 29:9

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
8 And he made there a heap for a witness; therefore the name of that place is called: 'The Heap of Witness,' after this heap. 9 But previously they called the land of Gilead the land of the Rephaim; for it was the land of the Rephaim, and the Rephaim were born (there), giants whose height was ten, nine, eight down to seven cubits. 10 And their territory was from the land of the children of Ammon to Mount Hermon, and their royal capitals were Karnaim and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, and Misur, and Beon.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... Having just explained the meaning of Gilead (the mound/heap of testimony), the writer departs from his base text in Genesis for a short section about Gilead and its past. He formulates the aside on the pattern of the one in Deuteronomy 2:19-21. There, after the Lord warns the people of Israel not to bother the Ammonites when they pass their border with Moab (Deuteronomy 2:19), he gives way to an editor who inserts some information about the country of Ammon: ‘It is also usually reckoned as a land of Rephaim. Rephaim formerly inhabited it, though the Ammonites call them Zamzummim, a strong and numerous people, as tall as the Anakim. But the Lord destroyed them from before the Ammonites so that they could dispossess them and settle in their place’ (2:20-21). ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 804.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 2:20 and Jubilees 29:9

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