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Jubilees

About this book

Jacob Receives Isaac’s Blessing

Chapter 26

1 And in the seventh year of this week [2114] Isaac called Esau, his elder Son, and said to him: ' I am old, my son, and my eyesight has become weak, and I do not know the day of my death. 2 And now take your hunting weapons your quiver and your bow, and go out to the field, and hunt and catch me (venison), my son, and make me savory food, such as my soul loves, and bring it to me so that I may eat, and that my soul may bless you before I die.' 3 But Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to Esau. 4 And Esau went out early to the field to hunt and catch and bring home to his father. 5 And Rebekah called Jacob, her son, and said to him: 'Look, I heard Isaac, your father, speak to Esau, your brother, saying: "Hunt for me, and make me savory food, and bring (it) to me so that I may eat and bless you before the Lord before I die." 6 And now, my son, obey my voice in that which I command you: Go to your flock and bring me two good young goats, and I will make them savory food for your father, such as he loves, and you shall bring (it) to your father so that he may eat and bless you before the Lord before he dies, and so that you may be blessed.' 7 And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother: 'Mother, I shall not withhold anything which my father would eat, and which would please him: only I fear, my mother, that he will recognize my voice and wish to touch me. 8 And you know that I am smooth, and Esau, my brother, is hairy, and I shall appear to him as an evildoer, and shall do a deed which he had not commanded me, and he will be angry with me, and I shall bring upon myself a curse, and not a blessing.' 9 And Rebekah, his mother, said to him: 'Let your curse fall on me, my son, only obey my voice.' 10 And Jacob obeyed the voice of Rebekah, his mother, and went and fetched two good and fat young goats, and brought them to his mother, and his mother made them savory food such as he loved. 11 And Rebekah took the fine clothing of Esau, her elder son, which was with her in the house, and she clothed Jacob, her younger son, (with them), and she put the skins of the young goats upon his hands and on the exposed parts of his neck. 12 And she gave the food and the bread which she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob. 13 And Jacob went in to his father and said: 'I am your son: I have done according as you told me: get up and sit and eat of that which I have caught, father, so that your soul may bless me.' 14 And Isaac said to his son: 'How have you found so quickly, my son? 15 And Jacob said: 'Because the Lord your God caused me to find.' 16 And Isaac said to him: 'Come near, so that I may feel you, my son, if you are my son Esau or not.' 17 And Jacob went near to Isaac, his father, and he felt him and said: 18 'The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau,' and he did not recognize him, because it was an arrangement from heaven to remove his power of perception⁠ and Isaac did not recognize him, for his hands were hairy as his brother Esau's, so that he blessed him. 19 And he said: 'Are you my son Esau?' and he said: 'I am your son': and he said, 'Bring near to me so that I may eat of that which you have caught, my son, so that my soul may bless you.' 20 And he brought near to him, and he ate, and he brought him wine and he drank. 21 And Isaac, his father, said to him: 'Come near and kiss me, my son. And he came near and kissed him. 22 And he smelled the smell of his clothing, and he blessed him and said: 'Look, the smell of my son is as the smell of a full field which the Lord has blessed. 23 And may the Lord give you of the dew of heaven And of the dew of the earth, and plenty of grain and oil: Let nations serve you, And peoples bow down to you. 24 Be lord over your brothers, And let your mother's sons bow down to you; And may all the blessings with which the Lord has blessed me and blessed Abraham, my father; Be given to you and to your descendants forever: Cursed be he that curses you, And blessed be he that blesses you.' 25 And as soon as Isaac had finished blessing his son Jacob, and Jacob had gone out from Isaac his father he hid himself and Esau, his brother, came in from his hunting. 26 And he also made savory food, and brought (it) to his father, and said to his father: 'Let my father get up, and eat of my venison so that your soul may bless me.' 27 And Isaac, his father, said to him: 'Who are you?' And he said to him: 'I am your firstborn, your son Esau: I have done as you have commanded me.' 28 And Isaac was deeply shocked, and said: 'Who is he that has hunted and caught and brought (it) to me, and I have eaten of all before you came, and have blessed him: (and) he shall be blessed, and all his descendants forever.' 29 And when Esau heard the words of his father Isaac, he cried with an extremely loud and bitter cry, and said to his father: 'Bless me, (even) me also, father.' 30 And he said to him: 'Your brother came deceitfully, and has taken away your blessing.' And he said: 'Now I know why his name is named Jacob: look, he has displaced me these two times: he took away my birthright, and now he has taken away my blessing.' 31 And he said: 'Have you not reserved a blessing for me, father?' and Isaac answered and said to Esau: 'Look, I have made him your lord, And I have given all his brothers to him for servants, And I have strengthened him with plenty of grain and wine and oil: And what now shall I do for you, my son?' 32 And Esau said to Isaac, his father: 'Have you only one blessing, father? Bless me, (even) me also, father: ' And Esau wept aloud. 33 And Isaac answered and said to him: 'Look, your home shall be far from the dew of the earth, And far from the dew of heaven from above. 34 And by your sword you will live, And you will serve your brother. And when you become great and shake his yoke off your neck, You shall commit a sin fully deserving death, And your descendants shall be rooted out from under heaven.'⁠ 35 And Esau kept threatening Jacob because of the blessing with which his father blessed him, and he said in his heart: 'May the days of mourning for my father now come, so that I may kill my brother Jacob.'

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 27:40 and Jubilees 26:34

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis 27, Isaac tells Esau that one day he will throw his brother’s yoke off his neck, granting Edom eventual freedom. Jubilees changes those same words into a curse, warning that if Esau breaks free his descendants will be wiped out.

Passages

Genesis 27:40

Hebrew Bible
39 So his father Isaac said to him, “See here, your home will be by the richness of the earth, and by the dew of the sky above. 40 You will live by your sword but you will serve your brother. When you grow restless, you will tear off his yoke from your neck.” 41 So Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing his father had given to his brother. Esau said privately, “The time of mourning for my father is near; then I will kill my brother Jacob!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 26:34

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
33 And Isaac answered and said to him: 'Look, your home shall be far from the dew of the earth, And far from the dew of heaven from above. 34 And by your sword you will live, And you will serve your brother. And when you become great and shake his yoke off your neck, You shall commit a sin fully deserving death, And your descendants shall be rooted out from under heaven.' 35 And Esau kept threatening Jacob because of the blessing with which his father blessed him, and he said in his heart: 'May the days of mourning for my father now come, so that I may kill my brother Jacob.'
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... that, if [better: when, כי] you become great is an interpretation of the difficult word תריד in Genesis 27:40 (NJPS: “when you grow restive”) and remove His yoke from your neck, then you will commit an offense fully worthy of death: this interprets “you shall break his yoke” (Genesis 27:40) as if it were “His yoke,” that is, God’s, not Jacob’s, causing Esau to give up all obedience to God’s ways. As a result, your descendants will be eradicated from beneath the sky. ...
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 138.
... Oddly enough, though he had been rebuffed twice, Esau expected that something might remain for him (verse 32 // Genesis 27:38). Jubilees with the Hebrew versions of Genesis 27:38 says nothing about Isaac’s reaction, but the Septuagint says that he “was cut to the quick.” With no reply forthcoming from his father, Esau cried. When Isaac does reply, he utters a sort of negative blessing over his weeping son, words that incorporate the reverse of the benefits granted to Jacob. ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees 2: A Commentary on the Book of Jubilees Chapters 22-50 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 755.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 27:40 and Jubilees 26:34

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