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Jubilees

About this book

Abram in Canaan

Chapter 13

1 And Abram journeyed from Haran, and he took Sarai, his wife, and Lot, his brother Haran's son, to the land of Canaan, and he came into Asshur, and proceeded to Shechem, and lived near a tall oak. 2 And he saw, and, look, the land was very pleasant from the entering of Hamath to the tall oak. 3 And the Lord said to him: 'To you and to your descendants I will give this land.' 4 And he built an altar there, and he offered on it a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, who had appeared to him. 5 And he moved from there to the mountain, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east, and pitched his tent there. 6 And he saw and look, the land was very wide and good, and everything grew on it — vines and figs and pomegranates, oaks and holm oaks, and terebinths and olive trees, and cedars and cypresses and date trees, and all trees of the field, and there was water on the mountains. 7 And he blessed the Lord who had led him out of Ur of the Chaldees, and had brought him to this land. 8 And in the first year, in the seventh week, on the new moon of the first month, [1954] he built an altar on this mountain, and called on the name of the Lord: 'You, the eternal God, are my God.' 9 And he offered on the altar a burnt sacrifice to the Lord so that He would be with him and not abandon him all the days of his life.

The Journey to Egypt

10 And he moved from there and went toward the south, and he came to Hebron and Hebron was built at that time, and he lived there two years, and he went (from there) into the land of the south, to Bealoth, and there was a famine in the land. 11 And Abram went into Egypt in the third year of the week, and he lived in Egypt five years before his wife was torn away from him.⁠ 12 Now Tanais in Egypt was at that time built — seven years after Hebron. 13 And when Pharaoh seized Sarai, the wife of Abram, the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife. 14 And Abram was extremely wealthy in property in sheep, and cattle, and donkeys, and horses, and camels, and male and female servants, and in a great deal of silver and gold. And Lot also his brother's son, was wealthy. 15 And Pharaoh gave back Sarai, the wife of Abram, and he sent him out of the land of Egypt, and he journeyed to the place where he had pitched his tent at the beginning, to the place of the altar, with Ai on the east, and Bethel on the west, and he blessed the Lord his God who had brought him back in peace. 16 And in the forty-first jubilee in the third year of the first week, [1963] he returned to this place and offered on it a burnt sacrifice, and called on the name of the Lord, and said: 'You, the most high God, are my God forever and ever.' 17 And in the fourth year of this week [1964] Lot separated from him, and Lot lived in Sodom, and the men of Sodom were extremely sinful. 18 And it grieved him in his heart that his brother's son had separated from him; for he had no children. 19 In that year when Lot was taken captive, the Lord said to Abram, after Lot had separated from him, in the fourth year of this week: 'Look up from the place where you are living, northward and southward, and westward and eastward. 20 For all the land which you see I will give to you and to your descendants forever, and I will make your descendants as the sand of the sea: if a person can count the dust of the earth, your descendants can also be counted. 21 Get up, walk (through the land) through its length and width, and see it all; for to your descendants I will give it.' And Abram went to Hebron, and lived there.

The War of the Kings and the Tithe

22 And in this year came Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and Amraphel, king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Sellasar, and Tergal, king of nations, and killed the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Sodom fled, and many fell through wounds in the valley of Siddim, by the Salt Sea. 23 And they took captive Sodom and Adam and Zeboim, and they took captive Lot also, the son of Abram's brother, and all his possessions, and they went to Dan. 24 And one who had escaped came and told Abram that his brother's son had been taken captive and (Abram) armed his household servants. 25 [After defeating the kings, Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything. This became] for Abram, and for his descendants, a tenth of the first fruits to the Lord, and the Lord ordained it as an ordinance forever that they should give it to the priests who served before Him, that they should possess it forever. 26 And to this commandment there is no limit of days; for He has ordained it for the generations forever that they should give to the Lord the tenth of everything, of the seed and of the wine and of the oil and of the cattle and of the sheep. 27 And He gave (it) to His priests to eat and to drink with joy before Him. 28 And the king of Sodom came to him and bowed down before him, and said: 'Our Lord Abram, give to us the people you have rescued, but let the captured goods be yours.' 29 And Abram said to him: 'I lift up my hands to the Most High God, that from a thread to a sandal strap I shall not take anything that is yours so that you cannot say, I have made Abram rich; except what the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me — Aner, Eschol, and Mamre. These shall take their portion.'

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:4 and Genesis 16:3 and Jubilees 13:11 and Genesis Rabbah 41:1

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Rabbinic

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Summary

Genesis says Abram was 75 when he left Haran and 86 when Hagar gave birth, leaving only a short time in Canaan and Egypt. Jewish traditions such as Jubilees or Genesis Rabbah tried to explain this differently, showing the challenge of interpretation.

Passages

Genesis 12:4

Hebrew Bible
3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse, so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.) 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 16:3

Hebrew Bible
2 So Sarai said to Abram, “Since the Lord has prevented me from having children, please sleep with my servant. Perhaps I can have a family by her.” Abram did what Sarai told him. 3 So after Abram had lived in Canaan for ten years, Sarai, Abram’s wife, gave Hagar, her Egyptian servant, to her husband to be his wife. 4 He slept with Hagar, and she became pregnant. Once Hagar realized she was pregnant, she despised Sarai.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 13:11

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
10 And he moved from there and went toward the south, and he came to Hebron and Hebron was built at that time, and he lived there two years, and he went (from there) into the land of the south, to Bealoth, and there was a famine in the land. 11 And Abram went into Egypt in the third year of the week, and he lived in Egypt five years before his wife was torn away from him. 12 Now Tanais in Egypt was at that time built — seven years after Hebron.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Genesis Rabbah 41:1

Rabbinic · Aggadah
with the righteous? That is astonishing. The verse therefore states: “Like a cedar.” Rav Huna said: There, they do craft utensils from it [palm wood]. And might one not argue: Just as the cedar does not produce fruit, so too the righteous? That is astonishing. The verse therefore states: “Flourishes [like a palm tree].” [Furthermore,] just as the palm has nothing that goes to waste, but, rather, it [produces] dates for eating, fronds for praise, branches for roofing, fiber for ropes, leaves for sieves, large beams for roofing the house, so, too, Israel has no one who goes to waste. Rather, some of them are masters of Bible, some of them are masters of Mishna, some of them are masters of Talmud, some of them are masters of aggada. [Furthermore,] just as with the palm tree and cedar, anyone who climbs to the top of them and does not take care falls and dies, so, too, anyone who comes to accost Israel, will receive his just deserts by their hand. You may know that it is so, since Sarah, because Pharaoh took her for just one night, he and the members of his household were punished with afflictions. That is what is written: “The Lord afflicted Pharaoh…with great afflictions…”
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

"... The duration of Abram’s stay in Egypt was somewhat problematic for ancient interpreters. There is a tendency, especially in Rabbinic texts, to minimize the time Abram spent in Egypt to a very short period. This is derived from Genesis 12:4 (“Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed from Haran”) and Genesis 16:16 (“Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram”) in relation to Genesis 16:3 (“After Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maid, and gave her to Abram her husband as a wife”). This allows only a short period for their stay in Egypt. Some texts even speak about a stay of one night. (See Genesis Rabbah 41:1) The dominant view in Hellenistic times (see, e.g., Josephus, Pseudo-Eupolemus, Artapanus), however, was to emphasize a lengthy stay in Egypt. In this period, Abram teaches his wisdom to the Egyptians. The lengthy stay can be derived from a different understanding of Genesis 16:3: when it is read in a way that it means Abram’s first entrance into Canaan, then a lengthy stay can be included. As we have seen, this view can also be found in Jubilees, five years probably unobserved, and two years in pharaoh’s house ..."
Jacques T. A. G. M. van Ruiten, Abraham in the Book of Jubilees: The Rewriting of Genesis 11:26–25:10 in the Book of Jubilees 11:14–23:8, JSJSup 161 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 77–78.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:4 and Genesis 16:3 and Jubilees 13:11 and Genesis Rabbah 41:1

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