Go to Related Reading
About this book

Joshua

About this book
Chapter 4

1 When the entire nation was on the other side, the Lord told Joshua, 2 “Select for yourselves 12 men from the people, one per tribe. 3 Instruct them, ‘Pick up 12 stones from the middle of the Jordan, from the very place where the priests stand firmly, and carry them over with you and put them in the place where you camp tonight.’” 4 Joshua summoned the 12 men he had appointed from the Israelites, one per tribe. 5 Joshua told them, “Go in front of the ark of the Lord your God to the middle of the Jordan.⁠ Each of you is to put a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the Israelite tribes. 6 The stones will be a reminder to you. When your children ask someday, ‘Why are these stones important to you?’⁠ 7 tell them how the water of the Jordan stopped flowing before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the water of the Jordan stopped flowing. These stones will be a lasting memorial for the Israelites.” 8 The Israelites did just as Joshua commanded. They picked up 12 stones, according to the number of the Israelite tribes, from the middle of the Jordan as the Lord had instructed Joshua. They carried them over with them to the camp and put them there. 9 Joshua also set up 12 stones in the middle of the Jordan in the very place where the priests carrying the ark of the covenant stood. They remain there to this very day. 10 Now the priests carrying the ark of the covenant were standing in the middle of the Jordan until everything the Lord had commanded Joshua to tell the people was accomplished,⁠ in accordance with all that Moses had commanded Joshua. The people went across quickly, 11 and when all the people had finished crossing, the ark of the Lord and the priests crossed as the people looked on. 12 The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed for battle ahead of the Israelites, just as Moses had instructed them. 13 About 40,000 battle-ready troops marched past the Lord to fight on the rift valley plains of Jericho. 14 That day the Lord brought honor to Joshua before all Israel. They respected him all his life, just as they had respected Moses. 15 The Lord told Joshua, 16 “Instruct the priests carrying the ark of the covenantal laws to come up from the Jordan.” 17 So Joshua instructed the priests, “Come up from the Jordan!” 18 The priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord came up from the middle of the Jordan, and as soon as they set foot on dry land, the water of the Jordan flowed again and returned to flood stage. 19 The people went up from the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month and camped in Gilgal on the eastern border of Jericho. 20 Now Joshua set up in Gilgal the 12 stones they had taken from the Jordan. 21 He told the Israelites, “When your children someday ask their fathers, ‘What do these stones represent?’ 22 explain to your children, ‘Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.’ 23 For the Lord your God dried up the water of the Jordan before you while you crossed over. It was just like when the Lord your God dried up the Red Sea before us while we crossed it. 24 He has done this so all the nations of the earth might recognize the Lord’s power and so you might always obey the Lord your God.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 13:14 and Joshua 4:6

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Joshua 4 describes twelve stones set up as a memorial, framed as a question from children answered by parents, mirroring Exodus 13, where a child asks about redemption. The shared teaching pattern presents Joshua as continuing the ways of the Torah.

Passages

Exodus 13:14

Hebrew Bible
12 then you must give over to the Lord the first offspring of every womb. Every firstling of a beast that you have—the males will be the Lord’s. 13 Every firstling of a donkey you must redeem with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, then you must break its neck. Every firstborn of your sons you must redeem. 14 “In the future, when your son asks you ‘What is this?’ you are to tell him, ‘With a mighty hand the Lord brought us out from Egypt, from the land of slavery. 15 When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to release us, the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of people to the firstborn of animals. That is why I am sacrificing to the Lord the first male offspring of every womb, but all my firstborn sons I redeem.’ 16 It will be for a sign on your hand and for frontlets on your forehead, for with a mighty hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Joshua 4:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Joshua summoned the 12 men he had appointed from the Israelites, one per tribe. 5 Joshua told them, “Go in front of the ark of the Lord your God to the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to put a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the Israelite tribes. 6 The stones will be a reminder to you. When your children ask someday, ‘Why are these stones important to you?’ 7 tell them how the water of the Jordan stopped flowing before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the water of the Jordan stopped flowing. These stones will be a lasting memorial for the Israelites.” 8 The Israelites did just as Joshua commanded. They picked up 12 stones, according to the number of the Israelite tribes, from the middle of the Jordan as the Lord had instructed Joshua. They carried them over with them to the camp and put them there.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... This story of the twelve stones set up on the other side of the Jordan seems to reflect Moses’ order in Deuteronomy 27:1–6. The verbal form “he had appointed” in verse 4 is not easy to understand. Joshua calls the twelve men appointed already and transmits the divine command in verses 4–5 ... Verse 6–7 are composed in the form of question and answer between parents and children, in which parents teach their children the meaning of Yahweh’s presence in Israel’s history. A similar expression to Joshua 4:6–7 also appears in Deuteronomy 6:20–21 ... The structure of each verse in both Joshua 4:6–7 and Deuteronomy 6:20–21 is almost identical. However, Joshua 4:6–7 has a much longer and developed form ... Thus, Joshua 4:6–7 seem to be later than and influenced by Deuteronomy 6:20. However, a similar non-Priestly text in Exodus 13:8–10 appears to be influenced by the expression in Joshua 4:6–7 ... Even though in Joshua 4:6–7 twelve memorial stones are a sign, in Exodus 13:8–9 the ritual serves as a sign for their hand, as a reminder for their forehead, so that the 'Law of YHWH' may be on their lips. Exodus 13:8–9 shows a more concretized and developed ritual form. Furthermore, Exodus 13:10 shows the more firmly established ritual, which is mainly used in the book of Leviticus. Thus, we could surmise that this non-Priestly text is later than Joshua 4:6–7. How about similar Priestly texts in Exodus 12:26–27 and 13:14–15? ..."
Eun-Woo Lee, Crossing the Jordan: Diachrony versus Synchrony in the Book of Joshua (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 172–173.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Exodus 13:14 and Joshua 4:6

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library