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Joshua

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Bright and early the next morning Joshua and the Israelites left Shittim and came to the Jordan. They camped there before crossing the river. 2 After three days the leaders went through the camp 3 and commanded the people: “When you see the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God being carried by the Levitical priests, you must leave here and walk behind it. 4 But stay about 3,000 feet behind it. Keep your distance so you can see which way you should go, for you have not traveled this way before.” 5 Joshua told the people, “Ritually consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the Lord will perform miraculous deeds among you.” 6 Joshua told the priests, “Pick up the ark of the covenant and pass on ahead of the people.” So they picked up the ark of the covenant and went ahead of the people. 7 The Lord told Joshua, “This very day I will begin to honor you before all Israel, so they will know that I am with you just as I was with Moses.⁠ 8 Instruct the priests carrying the ark of the covenant, ‘When you reach the bank of the Jordan River, wade into the water.’” 9 Joshua told the Israelites, “Come here and listen to the words of the Lord your God!” 10 Joshua continued, “This is how you will know the living God is among you and that he will truly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites. 11 Look! The ark of the covenant of the Lord of the whole earth is ready to enter the Jordan ahead of you. 12 Now select for yourselves 12 men from the tribes of Israel, one per tribe. 13 When the feet of the priests carrying the ark of the Lord, the Lord of the whole earth, touch the water of the Jordan, the water coming downstream toward you will stop flowing and pile up.”⁠ 14 So when the people left their tents to cross the Jordan, the priests carrying the ark of the covenant went ahead of them. 15 When the ones carrying the ark reached the Jordan, and the feet of the priests carrying the ark touched the surface of the water—(the Jordan is at flood stage all during harvest time)—⁠ 16 the water coming downstream toward them stopped flowing. It piled up far upstream at Adam (the city near Zarethan); there was no water at all flowing to the sea of the rift valley (the Salt Sea). The people crossed the river opposite Jericho. 17 The priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord stood firmly on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan. All Israel crossed over on dry ground until the entire nation was on the other side.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 15:8 and Joshua 3:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes the sea standing upright by God’s breath during Israel’s escape. Joshua echoes this image when the Jordan river stops as the people enter the land, presenting the crossing as a second deliverance shaped after the exodus.

Passages

Exodus 15:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Your right hand, O Lord, was majestic in power; your right hand, O Lord, shattered the enemy. 7 In the abundance of your majesty you have overthrown those who rise up against you. You sent forth your wrath; it consumed them like stubble. 8 By the blast of your nostrils the waters were piled up, the flowing water stood upright like a heap, and the deep waters were solidified in the heart of the sea. 9 The enemy said, ‘I will chase, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my desire will be satisfied on them. I will draw my sword, my hand will destroy them.’ 10 But you blew with your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Joshua 3:13

Hebrew Bible
11 Look! The ark of the covenant of the Lord of the whole earth is ready to enter the Jordan ahead of you. 12 Now select for yourselves 12 men from the tribes of Israel, one per tribe. 13 When the feet of the priests carrying the ark of the Lord, the Lord of the whole earth, touch the water of the Jordan, the water coming downstream toward you will stop flowing and pile up.” 14 So when the people left their tents to cross the Jordan, the priests carrying the ark of the covenant went ahead of them. 15 When the ones carrying the ark reached the Jordan, and the feet of the priests carrying the ark touched the surface of the water—(the Jordan is at flood stage all during harvest time)—
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... We have yet to consider the authorship of the Song of the Sea (15:1-18), the Song of Miriam (15:21) and their narrative frame (15:1, 19-21). I am unpersuaded that 15:1-18 itself is composite. Brenner makes a convincing case for the Song's unity. Most scholars consider the Song an older independent work incorporated by one of the Pentateuchal authors or editors, rather than a fresh composition. Assuming the Song once circulated independently, we must ask when it was inserted into the prose account and by whom. Apparently, it already stood in JE. Deuteronomy 2-3, which knows JE, but not JEP, seems familiar with the Song: compare Deuteronomy 2:25 with Exodus 15:14, and Deuteronomy 3:24 with Exodus 15:11, 16. Similarly, Joshua 2:9-10, 24 knows both the liquidation of the Canaanites and the drying of the Sea, themes from the Song and JE, respectively, but not P's split Sea. And Joshua 3:13, 16 describe the Jordan's waters as standing in a 'heap' (compare Exodus 15:8), while Joshua 4:23-5:1 knows the drying of the Sea, Yahweh's arm, the liquidation of the Canaanites and their fear before Yahweh. All these data indicate that, by the time of the Deuteronomist's composition, JE contained the Song of the Sea. How did it get there? ..."
William H. C. Propp, Exodus 1–18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, AB 2 (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 481–482.

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Exodus 15:8 and Joshua 3:13

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