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About this book

Joshua

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Joshua son of Nun sent two spies out from Shittim secretly and instructed them: “Find out what you can about the land, especially Jericho.” They stopped at the house of a prostitute named Rahab and spent the night there.⁠ 2 The king of Jericho received this report: “Note well! Israelite men have come here tonight to spy on the land.” 3 So the king of Jericho sent this order to Rahab: “Turn over the men who came to you—the ones who came to your house—for they have come to spy on the whole land!” 4 But the woman hid the two men and replied, “Yes, these men were clients of mine, but I didn’t know where they came from. 5 When it was time to shut the city gate for the night, the men left. I don’t know where they were heading. Chase after them quickly, for you have time to catch them!” 6 (Now she had taken them up to the roof and had hidden them in the stalks of flax she had spread out on the roof.) 7 Meanwhile, the king’s men tried to find them on the road to the Jordan River near the fords. The city gate was shut as soon as they set out in pursuit of them. 8 Now before the spies went to sleep, Rahab went up to the roof. 9 She said to the men, “I know the Lord is handing this land over to you. We are absolutely terrified of you, and all who live in the land are cringing before you. 10 For we heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea before you when you left Egypt and how you annihilated the two Amorite kings,⁠ Sihon and Og, on the other side of the Jordan.⁠ 11 When we heard the news, we lost our courage, and no one could even breathe for fear of you. For the Lord your God is God in heaven above and on earth below! 12 So now, promise me this with an oath sworn in the Lord’s name. Because I have shown allegiance to you, show allegiance to my family. Give me a solemn pledge 13 that you will spare the lives of my father, mother, brothers, sisters, and all who belong to them, and will rescue us from death.” 14 The men said to her, “If you die, may we die too! If you do not report what we’ve been up to, then we will show unswerving allegiance to you when the Lord hands the land over to us.” 15 Then Rahab let them down⁠ by a rope through the window.⁠ (Her house was built as part of the city wall; she lived in the wall.) 16 She told them, “Head to the hill country, so the ones chasing you don’t find you. Hide from them there for three days, long enough for those chasing you to return. Then you can be on your way.” 17 The men said to her, “We are not bound by this oath you made us swear unless the following conditions are met: 18 When we invade the land, tie this red rope in the window through which you let us down, and gather together in your house your father, mother, brothers, and all who live in your father’s house. 19 Anyone who leaves your house will be responsible for his own death—we are innocent in that case! But if anyone with you in the house is harmed, we will be responsible. 20 If you should report what we’ve been up to, we are not bound by this oath you made us swear.” 21 She said, “I agree to these conditions.” She sent them on their way and then tied the red rope in the window. 22 They went to the hill country and stayed there for three days, long enough for those chasing them to return. Their pursuers looked all along the way but did not find them. 23 Then the two men returned—they came down from the hills, crossed the river, came to Joshua son of Nun, and reported to him all they had discovered. 24 They told Joshua, “Surely the Lord is handing over all the land to us! All who live in the land are cringing before us!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 2:15 and 1 Samuel 19:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Samuel 19 describes Michal helping David escape from Saul, which resembles the story in Joshua where Rahab similarly helps the spies escape Jericho. This repetition suggests that 1 Samuel intentionally follows a literary pattern found in Joshua.

Passages

Joshua 2:15

Hebrew Bible
14 The men said to her, “If you die, may we die too! If you do not report what we’ve been up to, then we will show unswerving allegiance to you when the Lord hands the land over to us.” 15 Then Rahab let them down by a rope through the window. (Her house was built as part of the city wall; she lived in the wall.) 16 She told them, “Head to the hill country, so the ones chasing you don’t find you. Hide from them there for three days, long enough for those chasing you to return. Then you can be on your way.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

1 Samuel 19:12

Hebrew Bible
11 Saul sent messengers to David’s house to guard it and to kill him in the morning. Then David’s wife Michal told him, “If you do not save yourself tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!” 12 So Michal lowered David through the window, and he ran away and escaped. 13 Then Michal took a household idol and put it on the bed. She put a quilt made of goats’ hair over its head and then covered the idol with a garment.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... Another body of evidence is the presence of numerous cases of repeated prose images. A scene that is pictured in one story recurs in another part of the collection, along with some recurring word or phrase to confirm that the parallel pictures are related ... Both the deathbed scene of Jacob in Genesis and the deathbed scene of David in the Court History picture the father bowing on his bed to his own son (Genesis 47:31; 1 Kings 1:47). The J story of Shechem (Genesis 34:24) and the Joshua story of the Israelites’ arrival in the land (Joshua 5:8) both depict cases of men sitting and healing after circumcision; and both refer to the absence of circumcision as “a disgrace” (Genesis 34:14; Joshua 5:9). There are two scenes in which women enable men to escape when they are being sought by a king’s guards - a prostitute, Rahab, thus saves two spies whom Joshua sends into Jericho; and David’s wife Michal thus saves him from King Saul in the Court History—and both women are pictured as saving the men in the same manner and in the same wording: “And she let them down by a rope through the window” (Joshua 2:15; 1 Samuel 19:12) ..."
Richard Elliott Friedman, The Hidden Book in the Bible (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1998), 29.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joshua 2:15 and 1 Samuel 19:12

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