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Antiquities of the Jews, Book 2

About this book
Chapter 8

1 Jacob lived in Egypt for seventeen years before he became ill and passed away in the presence of his sons. Before dying, he prayed for their prosperity and foretold their future dwellings in Canaan, many years later. He especially praised Joseph, acknowledging Joseph’s generous treatment of his brothers instead of harboring resentment over their wrongs against him, showering them with benefits rarely shown even to benefactors. Jacob then instructed his sons to consider Joseph’s sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, as full heirs, sharing Canaan equally with them. After this, he asked to be buried at Hebron. He died at age 147, no less pious than his ancestors, and rewarded, as they were, for his devotion. Joseph obtained Pharaoh’s permission to carry his father to Hebron, burying him there with great ceremony. Jacob’s other sons at first feared Joseph might now seek revenge for their betrayal, but Joseph convinced them otherwise, ensuring them a prosperous life, and never ceasing his kindness. 2 Joseph passed away at 110 years of age. He was a man of admirable virtue, tempering his power with wisdom and moderation, which brought him great fortune among the Egyptians, despite being a foreigner brought there in dire circumstances. Eventually, his brothers died as well, having lived in peace in Egypt. Their descendants carried their remains back to Hebron, but Joseph’s bones were taken later,⁠ at the Exodus, as he had made them swear to do. What happened to each tribe and how they took possession of Canaan will be shown later, after we explain why they departed Egypt.

Book 3

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 46:9 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.8.2

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Classical

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Summary

Jubilees says the bones of Joseph’s brothers reached Hebron before his own, a tradition not found in the Hebrew Bible. Josephus echoes the same tradition in his retelling but does not mention the war that Jubilees uses to explain it.

Passages

Jubilees 46:9

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
8 And Joseph died in the forty-sixth jubilee, in the sixth week, in the second year [2242], and they buried him in the land of Egypt, and all his brothers died after him. 9 And the king of Egypt went out to war with the king of Canaan in the forty-seventh jubilee, in the second week in the second year [2263], and the children of Israel brought out all the bones of the children of Jacob except the bones of Joseph, and they buried them in the field in the double cave in the mountain. 10 And most (of them) returned to Egypt, but a few of them remained in the mountains of Hebron, and Amram your father remained with them.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees
2 Joseph passed away at 110 years of age. He was a man of admirable virtue, tempering his power with wisdom and moderation, which brought him great fortune among the Egyptians, despite being a foreigner brought there in dire circumstances. Eventually, his brothers died as well, having lived in peace in Egypt. Their descendants carried their remains back to Hebron, but Joseph’s bones were taken later, at the Exodus, as he had made them swear to do. What happened to each tribe and how they took possession of Canaan will be shown later, after we explain why they departed Egypt.

References

... The tradition that the bones of Joseph's brothers were brought from Egypt to Canaan before the bones of Joseph is also found in Flavius Josephus, although no war is mentioned: His brothers also died in Egypt, after a rich and prosperous life. Their bodies were taken later by their descendants and buried in Hebron. The bones of Joseph were carried away to Canaan much later, when the Hebrews moved away from Egypt (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.199-200). ...
Jacques T.A.G.M. van Ruiten, “The Birth of Moses in Egypt According to the Book of Jubilees,” in The Wisdom of Egypt: Jewish, Early Christian, and Gnostic Essays in Honour of Gerard P. Luttikhuizen, ed. Anthony Hilhorst and George H. van Kooten, AJEC 59 (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 56–57.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jubilees 46:9 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.8.2

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