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Joseph and Aseneth

About this book
Chapter 10

1 And, when Joseph had left the house, Pentephres also and all his relatives left for their inherited estate, 2 and Asenath was left alone with the seven virgins, listless and weeping until sunset; and she ate no bread and drank no water, but while all slept she herself alone was awake and weeping and frequently beating her breast with her hand. 3 And after these things Asenath rose from her bed, and went quietly down the stairs from the upper floor, and when she reached the gateway, found the gatekeeper sleeping with her children; 4 and she hurried and took down from the door the leather cover of the curtain and filled it with ashes and carried it up to the upper floor and laid it on the floor. 5 And then she shut the door securely and slid the iron bolt across it and groaned deeply and wept bitterly. 6 But the virgin whom Asenath loved more than all the others heard her groaning, woke the other virgins, and hurried to the door and found it shut. 7 And, when she had listened to the groaning and the weeping of Asenath, she said to her, standing outside: "What is wrong, my lady, and why are you sad? And what is troubling you? 8 Open the door for us and let us see you." And Asenath said to her, from inside the locked room: "I have a terrible headache, and I am resting in my bed, and I cannot rise and open the door for you, because I am weak in all my limbs. So each of you, go to your room and sleep, and let me rest quietly." 9 And, when the virgins had left, each to her own room, Asenath rose and opened the door of her bedroom quietly, and went into her second room where the chests of her jewelry were, and she opened her chest and took a black and somber tunic which she had put on in mourning when her firstborn brother died. 10 She took this tunic and carried it into her room, and again shut the door securely, and slid the bolt across. Then Asenath took off her royal robe, and put on the mourning tunic, and untied her golden belt and tied a rope around herself, and took off the tiara, that is the turban, from her head, and the diadem too, and all the chains from her wrists and ankles were also laid on the floor. 11 Then she took her finest robe and the golden belt and the turban and her diadem, and she threw them through the window that looked toward the north, to the poor. 12 And then she took all her gods that were in her room, the countless gold and silver gods, and broke them up into fragments, and threw them through the window to poor men and beggars. 13 And again Asenath took her royal dinner and the fattened animals and the fish and the meat of heifers, and all the sacrifices of her gods, and the vessels containing wine for drink offerings, and threw them all through the window that looked north as food for the dogs. 14 And after these things she took the leather cover containing the ashes and poured them on the floor; 15 and then she took sackcloth and tied it around her waist; and she also untied her hairnet and sprinkled ashes over her head. 16 And she also scattered ashes on the floor, and fell on the ashes and kept beating her breast constantly with her hands and weeping all night with groaning until the morning. 17 And, when Asenath got up in the morning and saw, and look, the ashes were beneath her like mud from her tears, 18 she again fell on her face on the ashes until sunset. 19 Asenath did this for seven days, not tasting anything at all.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Didache 7:4 and Joseph and Aseneth 10:19

Early Christian · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In the Didache, an early church manual, a new believer fasts for one or two days before they are baptized. In Joseph and Aseneth, Aseneth fasts for seven days before an angel comes to her, a display of piety that likely influenced Christian tradition.

Passages

Didache 7:4

Early Christian
1 Regarding baptism, perform it like this: After explaining all these things, baptize in the Name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, using running water. 2 If you don't have running water, use any other water, and if you can't use cold water, then use warm. 3 If you don't have either, pour water three times over the head in the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. 4 Before the baptism, both the person conducting the baptism and the one being baptized should fast, along with anyone else who can. Also, instruct the person being baptized to fast for one or two days beforehand.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

Joseph and Aseneth 10:19

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
16 And she also scattered ashes on the floor, and fell on the ashes and kept beating her breast constantly with her hands and weeping all night with groaning until the morning. 17 And, when Asenath got up in the morning and saw, and look, the ashes were beneath her like mud from her tears, 18 she again fell on her face on the ashes until sunset. 19 Asenath did this for seven days, not tasting anything at all.
100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joseph and Aseneth

References

“... Pre-baptismal fasting was intended both as an act of penitence and a break with idolatry which freed the candidate from the power of demons. Fasting was practiced at Qumran, as in Rabbinic Judaism, but there is no evidence in either case that it was linked with purification by water. Such evidence is available from Jos. and As., which is a work of Jewish proselyte propaganda and may have been linked to the Essene movement. The original simple instruction concerning fasting has been expanded by the Christian redactor, and his concern for the pre-baptismal fast is evidenced in other early Christian writings. ...”
Jonathan Alfred Draper, “A Commentary on the Didache in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Documents” (PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 1983), 167.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Didache 7:4 and Joseph and Aseneth 10:19

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