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Joseph and Aseneth

About this book
Chapter 1

1 In the first year of plenty, in the second month, on the fifth day of the month, Pharaoh sent Joseph to go around all the land of Egypt; 2 and in the fourth month of the first year, on the eighteenth day of the month, Joseph came to the district of Heliopolis, 3 and he was gathering the grain of that country like the sand of the sea. 4 And there was a man in that city named Pentephres, who was a priest of Heliopolis⁠ and a satrap of Pharaoh, and chief over all Pharaoh's satraps and princes; 5 and this man was very rich and very wise and gentle, and he was also a counselor of Pharaoh, because he was more discerning than all Pharaoh's princes. 6 And he had a virgin daughter, named Asenath, eighteen years old, tall and graceful, and more beautiful to look at than any virgin on the earth.⁠ 7 Now Asenath herself did not resemble the Egyptian virgins, but was in every way like the daughters of the Hebrews, 8 being as tall as Sarah and as graceful as Rebekah and as beautiful as Rachel; 9 and news of her beauty spread throughout all that land and to the ends of the world, so that all the sons of the princes and the satraps wanted to court her, and even the sons of kings, all of them young and powerful men, 10 and there was fierce rivalry among them because of her, and they tried to fight against one another. 11 And Pharaoh's firstborn son also heard about her, and he kept begging his father to give her to him in marriage, saying: 12 "Father, give me Asenath, the daughter of Pentephres, the leading man of Heliopolis, as my wife." And his father Pharaoh said to him: 13 "Why are you asking for a wife of lower rank than yourself when you are king of all this land? 14 No! Look, the daughter of Joachim the King of Moab is promised to you in marriage, and she herself is a queen and extremely beautiful. Marry her."

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Genesis 41:45 and Joseph and Aseneth 1:4

Septuagint · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis, Joseph marries the daughter of an Egyptian priest of On, called Heliopolis in the Greek Septuagint translation. Joseph and Aseneth, a Greek story about that marriage, also describes her father Pentephres as a priest of Heliopolis.

Passages

LXX Genesis 41:45

Septuagint
44 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, I am Pharaoh; without you no one shall lift up his hand on all the land of Egypt. 45 And Pharaoh called the name of Joseph, Zaphenath-Paneah; and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of Heliopolis, as a wife. 46 And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went through all the land of Egypt.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Joseph and Aseneth 1:4

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
4 And there was a man in that city named Pentephres, who was a priest of Heliopolis and a satrap of Pharaoh, and chief over all Pharaoh's satraps and princes; 5 and this man was very rich and very wise and gentle, and he was also a counselor of Pharaoh, because he was more discerning than all Pharaoh's princes. 6 And he had a virgin daughter, named Asenath, eighteen years old, tall and graceful, and more beautiful to look at than any virgin on the earth.
100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joseph and Aseneth

References

“... Within the genre construction of an ancient Greek novel, Aseneth also fully imitates the language and style of the Septuagint. The plot is rooted in the Genesis story about Joseph, and at several points in the narrative, Aseneth repeats particular phrases from Genesis to more securely embed it in the Joseph tradition. Other biblical scenes and paradigms are utilized in the portrayal of Aseneth, her encounter with the angel, and the presentation of events in the latter half of the story (e.g., from Daniel, Judges, Psalms, and 2 Samuel); and particular literary conventions of Septuagint Greek (e.g., kai egeneto and idou) are scattered throughout the narrative. Aseneth also shares similarities of interest with other Second Temple literature. Aseneth’s prayers and rise to greatness are replete with wisdom imagery (compare Wisdom of Solomon), and Aseneth’s embellishment of Joseph’s reign is shared by other Jewish texts from Egypt (e.g., Artapanus and Philo’s Joseph) ...”
Patricia Ahearne-Kroll, “Joseph and Aseneth,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 2526.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Genesis 41:45 and Joseph and Aseneth 1:4

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