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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 7

1 In the days of Ahaz son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of the tribe of the house of Judah, Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to wage war against it, but he was not able to fight against it. 2 It was told to the house of David, “Syria has joined with the king of Israel to come against him.” And his heart and the heart of his people shook like the trees of the forest shaking in the wind. 3 Then the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you and the rest of your disciples who have not sinned and who have turned away from sin, at the end of the channel of the upper pool, by the road to the launderers’ field, 4 and say to him, Be careful and stay calm; do not fear, and do not let your heart be shaken because of these two kings, who are like two smoking firebrands, because of the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria and of the son of Remaliah. 5 Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah have plotted evil against you, saying, 6 ‘We will go up into the land of the house of Judah,⁠ and let us join together, and make them serve our profit. We will set up a king in it, whoever we think suitable.’ 7 Thus says the Lord GOD, ‘It will not stand, nor will it come to pass. 8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and at the end of sixty-five years the house of Israel will cease to be a kingdom. 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. If you will not believe the words of the prophet, surely you will not be established.’” 10 Moreover the prophet of the LORD spoke again to Ahaz, saying, 11 Ask for a sign from before the presence of the LORD, that a miracle may be done for you on the earth, or that a sign may be shown to you in heaven. 12 But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, nor will I test the LORD.” 13 And he said, Listen now, house of David! Is it a small thing for you that you are troublesome to the prophets, that you also refuse the words of my God? 14 Therefore the LORD Himself will give you a sign: a young woman will conceive and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. 15 A child eats butter and honey before he knows to reject the evil and to choose the good; 16 but before a child knows to reject the evil and to choose the good, the land will be laid desolate, the land over which you are in distress because of these two kings. 17 The LORD will bring on you, and on your people, and on your father’s house, days that have not come since the day the house of Ephraim separated from the house of Judah; namely, the king of Assyria. 18 At that time the LORD will call to a people, to bands of armies, mighty men as numerous as flies, and will bring them from the ends of the land of Egypt; and to mighty armies, powerful as bees, and will bring them from the farthest parts of the land of Assyria. 19 They will all come and settle in the streets of the cities, and in the clefts of the rocks, and in all the deserts full of thorn-hedges, and in all the houses of praise. 20 At that time the LORD will slay them as one is slain by a sharp sword, by clubs, and by saws, by those beyond the river, by the king of Assyria; the king and his army, and his rulers too, He will destroy together. 21 At that time a man will raise a young cow and two sheep. 22 And because of the abundance of rich goodness, one will eat oil; for with oil and honey all the righteous will be fed, those who are left in the midst of the land. 23 At that time, in every place where there were a thousand vines worth a thousand pieces of silver, it will become briers and thorns. 24 People will come there with arrows and bows, because all the land will become briers and thorns. 25 And all the hills of the house of Judah that are dug with the hoe, the fear of briers and thorns will not come there; but it will be a place for oxen to lie down, and a place for flocks and sheep to rest.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 7:6 and Jonathan Isaiah 7:6

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 7 tells of a plan to place a new king over Judah. The Aramaic Targum Jonathan updates this with details that reflect later political realities, showing awareness of Roman methods of ruling by installing loyal local leaders.

Passages

Isaiah 7:6

Hebrew Bible
5 Syria has plotted with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah to bring about your demise. 6 They say, “Let’s attack Judah, terrorize it, and conquer it. Then we’ll set up the son of Tabeel as its king.” 7 For this reason the Sovereign Lord says: “‘It will not take place; it will not happen.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 7:6

Targum
5 Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah have plotted evil against you, saying, 6 ‘We will go up into the land of the house of Judah, and let us join together, and make them serve our profit. We will set up a king in it, whoever we think suitable.’ 7 Thus says the Lord GOD, ‘It will not stand, nor will it come to pass.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Aside from an expected emphasis on repentance (verse 3) and prophecy (verse 9), most of the innovations in the Targums are of an explanatory nature. The policy of annexation — even though ascribed to Assyria — is described in terms which may have been influenced by a knowledge of Roman administrative practice (verse 6). The policy of incorporating territory into the Empire, giving its inhabitants certain civic rights under the protection of law, and establishing a client king, was pursued in respect of Israel until more direct intervention was held to be necessary ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 17.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 7:6 and Jonathan Isaiah 7:6

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