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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 53

1 Who has believed this our report? And to whom is the power of the arm of the LORD now revealed? 2 The righteous will be great before Him, like budding branches; and like a tree that sends forth its roots by the streams of water, so the generation of the just will multiply in the land that has need of Him. 3 His appearance will not be the appearance of a common person, nor His fear the fear of an ordinary man; but a holy brightness will be His brightness, so that everyone who sees Him will gaze upon Him. 4 Although He will be in contempt, yet He will cut off the glory of all the wicked; they will be weak and wretched. Look, we are in contempt and not esteemed, like a man of pain and appointed to sickness, and as if He had removed the face of His Shekinah from us. 5 Therefore He will pray for our sins, and our iniquities will be forgiven for His sake;⁠ for we are considered crushed, smitten of the LORD, and afflicted. 6 He will build the house of the sanctuary, which was profaned on account of our sins;⁠ He was delivered over on account of our iniquities, and through His teaching peace will be multiplied upon us, and through the teaching of His words our sins will be forgiven us. 7 All we like sheep have been scattered; everyone of us has turned to his own way; and it pleased the LORD to forgive the sins of all of us for His sake. 8 He will pray, and He will be answered; yes, before He opens His mouth He will be heard. He will deliver over the mighty of the nations like a lamb to the slaughter, and like a sheep that is dumb before her shearers; none will open his mouth in His presence or speak a word. 9 He will gather our captives from affliction and pain, and who will be able to recount the wonderful works that will be done for us in His days? He will remove the rule of the nations from the land of Israel; the sins that my people have committed have come upon them. 10 And He will deliver the wicked into hell, and the riches of treasures that they got by violence to the death of Abaddon, so that those who commit sin will not remain, and that they should not speak folly with their mouth.⁠ 11 And it was the pleasure of the LORD to refine and purify the remnant of His people, in order to cleanse their souls from sin, that they might see the kingdom of their Messiah, that their sons and daughters might multiply and prolong their days, and that those who keep the Torah of the LORD might prosper through His pleasure. 12 He will deliver their souls from the servitude of the nations; they will see the vengeance upon their enemies; they will be satisfied with the spoil of their kings. By His wisdom He will justify the righteous, in order to make many keep the Torah, and He will pray for their sins.⁠ 13 Therefore I will divide to Him the spoil of many peoples, and the treasures of strong fortifications; He will divide the spoil, because He delivered His life to death, and He made the rebellious keep the Torah; He will pray for the sins of many, and as for the transgressors, each will be pardoned for His sake.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 53:11 and Jonathan Isaiah 53:12

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 53 says the servant will free many people because he carries their sins. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan interprets it as justification through wisdom, with the servant teaching many to obey the Torah and then praying about their sins.

Passages

Isaiah 53:11

Hebrew Bible
10 Though the Lord desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him. 11 Having suffered, he will reflect on his work, he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done. “My servant will acquit many, for he carried their sins. 12 So I will assign him a portion with the multitudes, he will divide the spoils of victory with the powerful, because he willingly submitted to death and was numbered with the rebels, when he lifted up the sin of many and intervened on behalf of the rebels.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 53:12

Targum
11 And it was the pleasure of the LORD to refine and purify the remnant of His people, in order to cleanse their souls from sin, that they might see the kingdom of their Messiah, that their sons and daughters might multiply and prolong their days, and that those who keep the Torah of the LORD might prosper through His pleasure. 12 He will deliver their souls from the servitude of the nations; they will see the vengeance upon their enemies; they will be satisfied with the spoil of their kings. By His wisdom He will justify the righteous, in order to make many keep the Torah, and He will pray for their sins. 13 Therefore I will divide to Him the spoil of many peoples, and the treasures of strong fortifications; He will divide the spoil, because He delivered His life to death, and He made the rebellious keep the Torah; He will pray for the sins of many, and as for the transgressors, each will be pardoned for His sake.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

“... Little help is available from the ancient versions. The Septuagint and other Greek versions translate by σύνεσις or γνῶσις and construe the word with what precedes, as does the Peshitta. Targum Jonathan, on the other hand, renders ‘by his wisdom’ and construes it with the following words, which it paraphrases and expands. The whole clause is thus rendered: ‘by his wisdom shall he justify the just, in order to subject many to the law’. This seems to imply an interpretation along the lines of the Servant bringing about the justification of others by teaching them to accept the obligation of obedience to the Torah, but such an interpretation clearly reads a good deal into the Hebrew text, and cannot be said to be a natural exegesis of it. It finds echoes, however, in some of the Jewish mediaeval commentators. David Kimhi, for instance, explains דעת as the Servant’s knowledge of the Lord, referring to Isaiah 11.9 and Jeremiah 31.34. ...”
Anthony Gelston, “Knowledge, Humiliation or Suffering: A Lexical, Textual and Exegetical Problem in Isaiah 53,” in Of Prophets' Visions and the Wisdom of Sages: Essays in Honour of R. Norman Whybray on His Seventieth Birthday, ed. Heather A. McKay and David J. A. Clines, JSOTSup 162 (Sheffield: JSOT, 1993), 136.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 53:11 and Jonathan Isaiah 53:12

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