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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 43

1 But now, thus says the LORD who created you, O Jacob, and He who formed you, O Israel, “Fear not, for I have redeemed you; I have called you, who are mine, by your name. 2 For at the first, when you passed through the Red Sea, my Memra was your support. Pharaoh and the Egyptians, who were as many as the waters of the river, did not prevail against you. And again, when you came among nations who were as mighty as fire, they did not prevail against you;⁠ and kingdoms that were strong as a flame did not destroy you; 3 Because I am the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior; I gave Egypt as your ransom, Ethiopia and Seba in your place. 4 Ever since I loved you, you were precious; I loved you dearly, and I gave nations instead of you, and kingdoms for your soul. 5 Fear not, for my Memra will be your support;⁠ I will bring your children from the east, I will bring together your captivity from the west. 6 I will say to the north, ‘Give them up’; and to the south, ‘Do not keep them back’; bring my sons from afar, and the captivity of my people from the ends of the earth. 7 All these things will come to pass for the sake of your righteous fathers, on whom my name was called; for my glory I created them. I will restore their captivity, and I will work wonders for them. 8 When I brought my people out of Egypt, they were like the blind, although they had eyes, and like the deaf, although they had ears. 9 Let all the nations be gathered together, let the kingdoms be brought together; who among them can declare this and give us the joyful tidings of old? Let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified; let them hear and speak the truth. 10 You are my witnesses, says the LORD, and my servant, the Messiah, in whom is my delight,⁠ so that you may know and believe in me⁠ and understand that I am He who was from the beginning;⁠ ages upon ages are mine, and besides me there is no god. 11 I, even I, am the LORD, and besides me there is no savior. 12 I, I have declared to Abraham your father what would come to pass; I, I redeemed you out of Egypt, as I swore to him between the pieces; and I, I made you hear the teaching of my Torah from Sinai; and you are still alive, when there was no strange god among you;⁠ you are my witnesses, says the LORD, that I am God. 13 From eternity I am He, and there is none that can deliver out of my hand; I will do it, and who can turn it back?” 14 Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel, “Because of your sins I led you captive to Babylon; but I will lay them all low with their oars, the Chaldeans in the ships of which they boast. 15 I am the LORD, your Holy One, the Creator of Israel, your King.” 16 Thus says the LORD, “I am He who prepared a way in the sea and a path in mighty waters, 17 I who brought out the chariots and horses and a great host, much people; they were swallowed up together, they did not rise, they were extinguished, snuffed out like a glimmering wick. 18 Do not remember the former things, nor consider the things of old. 19 I am making a new thing, and now it will be revealed; will you not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. 20 They will honor me, when I make the desert into habitable provinces, and the places where the dragons and the daughters of the ostrich dwell; because I will give water in the wilderness, rivers in the desert, to give drink to the captives of my people, in whom I delight. 21 This people I have prepared for my service; they will declare my praise. 22 It has been said by the prophets that you of the house of Jacob have not gathered together for my worship, but that you were weary of the teaching of my Torah, O Israel. 23 You have not brought me the lambs of your burnt offerings, and with your holy sacrifices you have not honored me. I have not made you multiply offerings, nor have I burdened you with frankincense. 24 You have not bought for me the aromatic reed with silver, nor have you anointed my altar with the fat of your holy sacrifices; but you have multiplied your sins before me, you have burdened me with your iniquities. 25 I, even I, am He who forgives your sins for the sake of my name, and your sins will not be remembered.⁠ 26 Speak now, let us plead together; state your case, that you may justify yourself, if you are able to do so. 27 Your first father sinned, and your teachers rebelled against my Memra. 28 Therefore I profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I gave Jacob over to the slaughter, and Israel to reproaches.”

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 John 2:1 and Jonathan Isaiah 43:5

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

1 John refers to Jesus as a “Helper” with God, similar to the Aramaic translation of Isaiah 43 in the Targum, where God’s “Memra” supports the people. Unlike the Hebrew, that says God “is with you,” the Targums use the “Memra” as an intermediary.

Passages

1 John 2:1

New Testament
1 (My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin.) But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One, 2 and he himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for our sins but also for the whole world. 3 Now by this we know that we have come to know God: if we keep his commandments. 4 The one who says “I have come to know God” and yet does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in such a person. 5 But whoever obeys his word, truly in this person the love of God has been perfected. By this we know that we are in him.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 John

Jonathan Isaiah 43:5

Targum
3 Because I am the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior; I gave Egypt as your ransom, Ethiopia and Seba in your place. 4 Ever since I loved you, you were precious; I loved you dearly, and I gave nations instead of you, and kingdoms for your soul. 5 Fear not, for my Memra will be your support; I will bring your children from the east, I will bring together your captivity from the west. 6 I will say to the north, ‘Give them up’; and to the south, ‘Do not keep them back’; bring my sons from afar, and the captivity of my people from the ends of the earth.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... John 14:16 suggests the possibility, via Targum terminology, that ‘I am with you’ is divine speech. Jesus says, ‘I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, that he might be with you forever.’ ‘Another’ suggests that the first Helper is Jesus himself, which many view as being confirmed by 1 John 2:1, where this same word (Paraclete) is used: ‘And if anyone sins, we have a Helper with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.’ This passage, of course, is just a few verses before John uses the language of Targum Isaiah 43:10, 25, as we saw in section 2; and Targum Isaiah 43:2, 5 has language about the divine Word being for the help of his people (for the Masoretic text ‘I am/will be with you’). Could Jesus be mixing Masoretic and Targum language in John 14:16, obliquely referring to himself as Helper (who has been with them) by promising another Helper, then using Masoretic language behind the Targum language, ‘that he might be with you forever’? It would be difficult to prove that the Paraclete title is related to the Targums, but when Targum connections continue to add up, the plausibility increases ..."
John L. Ronning, “The Targum of Isaiah and the Johannine Literature,” WTJ 69 (2007): 247–278.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 John 2:1 and Jonathan Isaiah 43:5

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