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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 32

1 A King will reign in truth, and the righteous will be magnified to execute just vengeance on the people. 2 And the just who were hidden because of the wicked, like those who hide themselves on account of a storm, will return and be magnified, and their instruction will be received quickly, like the waters that flow into a dry land, like the shadow of a great rock in a parched land. 3 And the eyes of the righteous will not be shut, and the ears of those who receive instruction will hear. 4 Even the heart of the rash will understand knowledge, and the tongue of those that was tied will be ready to speak plainly. 5 And the wicked man will no longer be called just, and he who transgresses against His Memra will not be called mighty. 6 For the wicked will speak wickedness, and in their heart they plot violence, to practice falsehood and to speak revolt against the LORD, to weary the soul of the righteous, who long for instruction as the hungry long for bread; and the words of the Torah, which are like water to one who is thirsty, they purpose to make cease.⁠ 7 And the wicked, whose works are evil, take counsel with sinners to destroy the poor with lying words, and the cause of the needy in judgment. 8 But the righteous counsel truth, and in their truth they will be established. 9 You provinces that dwell at ease, arise, hear my voice; you cities that dwell in safety, listen to my word. 10 Those who dwell at ease will be troubled for days and years, because the grain is come to an end, and there is no fruit to gather. 11 Those who dwell at ease will be broken, those who dwell in safety will tremble; strip yourselves and make yourselves bare, and wrap sackcloth around your waist. 12 They beat the breast for the pleasant fields, for the fruit-laden vines. 13 Upon the land of my people thorns and thistles will come up, yes, in all the houses of joy in the fortified city. 14 For the house of the sanctuary will be laid waste, the noisy city will be desolate, in which they worship; the house of our strength and hiding place will be searched out, dug up, desolate and waste for a time. The place that was a house of joy and gladness for kings has now become a spoil for armies. 15 All these things will come upon us until refreshing comes to us from the face of Him whose Shekinah is in the highest heavens. The wilderness will become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field will be inhabited by many cities. 16 Then those who do justice will dwell in the wilderness, and those who do righteousness will inhabit the fruitful field. 17 And those who do righteousness will be at peace, and those who adorn righteousness will be in quietness, and they will be in safety forever. 18 And my people will dwell in their habitations in peace, and in their land in safety, and in their cities at ease. 19 And hail will descend and slay the armies of the nations, and their encampments will be laid desolate and come to an end. 20 Blessed are you, O just, who work out for yourselves good works; because you are like those who sow by watered places, sending the oxen to tread out the grain, and the donkeys to gather it in.

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 5:6 and Jonathan Isaiah 32:6

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

The Aramaic translation of Isaiah in the Targum describes the righteous desperate for teaching like the hungry are desperate for bread. In Matthew, Jesus blesses those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, suggesting influence by an Aramaic tradition.

Passages

Matthew 5:6

New Testament
3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them. 4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. 6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied. 7 Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Jonathan Isaiah 32:6

Targum
5 And the wicked man will no longer be called just, and he who transgresses against His Memra will not be called mighty. 6 For the wicked will speak wickedness, and in their heart they plot violence, to practice falsehood and to speak revolt against the LORD, to weary the soul of the righteous, who long for instruction as the hungry long for bread; and the words of the Torah, which are like water to one who is thirsty, they purpose to make cease. 7 And the wicked, whose works are evil, take counsel with sinners to destroy the poor with lying words, and the cause of the needy in judgment.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The Isaiah Targum speaks of “the righteous, who desire teaching as a hungry person desires bread, and the words of the law, which they desire as a thirsty person desires water” (32:6). That interpretation of hunger and thirst is reminiscent of the Matthean Jesus, who blesses those who hunger and thirst after righteousness (see Matthew 5:6). This comparison does not extend to the Lukan Jesus (compare Luke 6:21), which raises the possibility that the present wording in Matthew was shaped during the course of transmission along the lines of Targumic interpretation. Similarly, the Targum’s association of the image of those who are lame with sinners and exiles might illuminate Matthew 21:14–15 (see 2 Samuel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:19; Isaiah 35:6; Micah 4:6–8, all in Targum Jonathan, and the article by Craig Evans). The statement “Blessed are you, the righteous” in Targum Jonathan at 2 Samuel 23:4 might also be mentioned, together with a striking comparison in the Jeremiah Targum (23:28b) that Robert Hayward has called attention to ..."
Bruce Chilton, “Targum, Jesus, and the Gospels,” in The Historical Jesus in Context, ed. Amy-Jill Levine, Dale C. Allison Jr., and John Dominic Crossan, Princeton Readings in Religions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006), 238–255.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 5:6 and Jonathan Isaiah 32:6

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