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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 27

1 At that time the LORD will punish with His great, mighty, and strong sword the king who has magnified himself like Pharaoh the first, and the king who has exalted himself like Sennacherib the second; and He will slay the king who is strong as the dragon that is in the sea.⁠ 2 At that time the congregation of Israel, which is like a vineyard planted in a good land, will sing concerning that vineyard, 3 “I, the LORD, keep the covenant of their fathers with them, that I may not destroy them; but at the time they provoked me to anger, I gave them the cup of their punishment to drink; yet their sins were the cause of their punishment; nevertheless, my Memra will protect them by day and by night. 4 Many mighty works are before me. Is it not so? If the house of Israel would set their face to do my Torah, I would send my anger and my fury among the nations who are waging war against them, and I would destroy them, as the fire destroys the briers and the thorns together. 5 If they would lay hold on the words of my Torah, peace would be made with them; from now on peace would be made with them. 6 They will be gathered from the midst of their captivity and return to their country; there children will be born to the house of Jacob; those of the house of Israel will be fruitful and multiply, and their children’s children will fill the face of the world.” 7 Has He struck him (Judah and Israel) as He struck those who struck him? Or is he (Judah and Israel) slain according to the slaughter of those who are slain by Him (by God)? 8 With the measure with which you measured, they will measure to you; you sent them out and oppressed them.⁠ He devised a word against them; He prevailed against them in the day of wrath. 9 By this, therefore, the sins of the house of Jacob will be forgiven; and this will be the full fruit of removing their sins, when they make all the stones of the idolatrous altar like chalk stones that are beaten to pieces; the sacred poles and the sun-images will not be raised up again. 10 But the fortified city will sit solitary; she will totter and be forsaken like a desert; the just will wage war against her, plunder her treasures, and make an end of her armies, so that none will go out. 11 Their armies will be cut off; and they will be ashamed on account of their works, which will be broken; women will enter the house of their idolatry and teach them, because they are a people of no understanding; therefore He who made them will not have mercy on them, and He who created them will show them no favor. 12 And at that time the slain of the LORD will be cast from the bank of the river Euphrates to the river of Egypt; and you will be brought near one to another, O sons of Israel. 13 And at that time the great trumpet will be blown, and those who had gone into captivity in the land of Assyria will come, and those who were cast into the land of Egypt, and they will worship before the LORD on the holy mountain at Jerusalem.

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 7:2 and Jonathan Isaiah 27:8

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

In Matthew 7, Jesus teaches that the way people judge others will be used to judge them in return, a teaching also found in the Aramaic translation of Isaiah in Targum Jonathan. Both likely draw on a shared Aramaic tradition.

Passages

Matthew 7:2

New Testament
1 “Do not judge so that you will not be judged. 2 For by the standard you judge you will be judged, and the measure you use will be the measure you receive. 3 Why do you see the speck in your brother’s eye, but fail to see the beam of wood in your own? 4 Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me remove the speck from your eye,’ while there is a beam in your own? 5 You hypocrite! First remove the beam from your own eye, and then you can see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Jonathan Isaiah 27:8

Targum
5 If they would lay hold on the words of my Torah, peace would be made with them; from now on peace would be made with them. 6 They will be gathered from the midst of their captivity and return to their country; there children will be born to the house of Jacob; those of the house of Israel will be fruitful and multiply, and their children’s children will fill the face of the world.” 7 Has He struck him (Judah and Israel) as He struck those who struck him? Or is he (Judah and Israel) slain according to the slaughter of those who are slain by Him (by God)? 8 With the measure with which you measured, they will measure to you; you sent them out and oppressed them. He devised a word against them; He prevailed against them in the day of wrath.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... 'With the measure you were measuring with they will measure you' appears in Targum Isaiah 27:8; a saying of Jesus' is strikingly similar: "In the measure you measure it shall be measured you" (Matthew 7:2; Mark 4:24). The measure in Targum Isaiah, however, is applied to a single figure, the oppressor of Jacob rather than to a general group, as in Jesus' saying. A Similar aphorism, crafted in the third person, was common in rabbinic literature (see, e.g., b. Sotah 8b and Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Genesis 38:25), so we have here a proverb in Aramaic that Jesus and a meturgeman of Isaiah both happened to use. This is a case in which, despite close verbal agreement, no case for dependence can be made one way or another ..."
Bruce Chilton, “From Aramaic Paraphrase to Greek Testament,” in From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New, ed. Craig A. Evans (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2004), 23–43.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 7:2 and Jonathan Isaiah 27:8

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