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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 25

1 O LORD, You are my God; I will exalt You, I will praise Your name; for You have done wonderful things; surely You have brought to pass and established the counsels that You promised long ago to bring to pass. 2 For You have made the unfortified cities heaps of rubble; the fortified city is a ruin; the idolatrous house of the nations in the city of Jerusalem will never be built up again. 3 Therefore the strong people will glorify You, the city of ruthless nations will fear You. 4 For You have been a strength to the poor, a help to the needy in the time of distress, like those who are sheltered from a storm, or who are sheltered as in a shade from the scorching heat; for the words of the wicked against the righteous are like a storm that beats against the wall. 5 As the scorching heat in a dry land, You will bring low the tumult of the mighty; as the shade of a cooling rock in a parched land, so peace of mind will come to the righteous when the wicked are brought low. 6 And on this mountain the LORD of hosts will make a feast and a banquet; they think it will be for their glory, but it will be for their disgrace and for mighty afflictions from which they will not deliver themselves, afflictions through which they will come to an end. 7 The face of the prince, the prince of all the peoples, will be destroyed, and the face of the king, the ruler of all the kingdoms. 8 Death will be forgotten forever; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from all faces, and the reproach of His people He will remove from all the earth, because it has been decreed so by the Memra of the LORD. 9 And one will say at that time, “Surely this is our God; this is He for whom we have hoped, and He will save us; this is the LORD, for His Memra we have hoped; we will rejoice and be glad in His salvation.” 10 For the power of the LORD of hosts will be revealed on this mountain;⁠ and the Moabites will be trampled underfoot, as straw is trampled in the clay. 11 And He will stretch out the stroke of His power among them, as a swimmer stretches himself out to swim; and He will bring low their pride, together with the schemes of their hands. 12 He will cast down the fortified city, the great city; He will thrust it down, bring it to the ground, even to the dust.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 25:10 and Jonathan Isaiah 25:10

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 25 describes the “hand of the Lord” resting on a mountain. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan rewrites this with abstract language, following a common practice in the Targums that avoids describing God with human features.

Passages

Isaiah 25:10

Hebrew Bible
9 At that time they will say, “Look, here is our God! We waited for him, and he delivered us. Here is the Lord! We waited for him. Let’s rejoice and celebrate his deliverance!” 10 For the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain23. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile. 11 Moab will spread out its hands in the middle of it, just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; the Lord will bring down Moab’s pride as it spreads its hands.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 25:10

Targum
9 And one will say at that time, “Surely this is our God; this is He for whom we have hoped, and He will save us; this is the LORD, for His Memra we have hoped; we will rejoice and be glad in His salvation.” 10 For the power of the LORD of hosts will be revealed on this mountain; and the Moabites will be trampled underfoot, as straw is trampled in the clay. 11 And He will stretch out the stroke of His power among them, as a swimmer stretches himself out to swim; and He will bring low their pride, together with the schemes of their hands.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... the Targums are not uniform in the ways they avoid figurative speech about God. Nor do they always agree on which instances call for paraphrase. (In Genesis 1:4, Onkelos and Pseudo-Jonathan translate the Hebrew literally as “God saw the light,” while Neofiti says that it was “manifest before him”) The parts of God’s “body” are also resolved into more literal speech. The “hand of the Lord” becomes his “power” or a “smiting” ... This tendency, too, is not carried out consistently (compare Exodus 13:9 in the various Targums). Much more could be said on this topic; let it suffice to say that the general, but not universal, tendency in the Targums is to avoid attributing bodily actions to God by recasting the words of Scripture at a higher level of abstraction ..."
Edward M. Cook, “The Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in the Targums,” in A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, ed. Matthias Henze (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012), 92–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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