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Jonathan Isaiah

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Chapter 16

1 They will bring tribute to the Messiah of Israel, who will prevail over those who are in the wilderness,⁠ to the mountain of the congregation of Zion. 2 Otherwise it will happen that, like a bird driven away, cast out of its nest, the daughters of Moab will be sent wandering to the fords of Arnon. 3 Take counsel, carry out a decision. Make your shadow like the night at midday; hide the outcasts, do not betray the fugitives. 4 Let my outcasts dwell with you, O kingdom of Moab; be a shelter to them from the spoilers. For the extortioner is at an end, the spoiler has ceased, and those who trampled underfoot have come to an end. 5 Then the throne of the Messiah of Israel will be established in goodness, and he will sit on it in truth in the city of David, judging and seeking justice and bringing about truth. 6 We have heard of the princes of Moab, who are very proud; their nobles and their pampered ones, and their pride, will not profit them when their punishment comes. 7 Therefore the Moabites will wail; they will all cry aloud over the Moabites; they will wail over the men of their stronghold city; mourning, they will say, “Surely they are conquered.” 8 Because the armies of Heshbon are plundered, the multitude of Sibmah are killed; the kings of the peoples have killed their rulers. They reached as far as Jazer, they strayed into the desert; their outcasts passed by, they crossed the sea. 9 Therefore, as I have brought armies against Jazer, so will I bring slayers against Sibmah; I will drench you with my tears, O Heshbon and Elealeh, for on your harvest and on your vintage the robbers have fallen. 10 And joy and gladness are taken away from the fruitful field; in the vineyards there will be no rejoicing and no shouting; no treader will tread out wine in the presses; I have made the treading of grapes cease. 11 Therefore the inward parts of the Moabites will moan like a harp, and their heart will mourn over the men of their stronghold city. 12 And it will be seen that when Moab has wearied himself out on his high place, he will enter his idol-temple to pray, yet he will not prevail. 13 This is the word that the LORD spoke concerning the Moabites long ago. 14 But now the LORD has spoken, saying, “Within three years, like the years of a hired worker, the glory of the Moabites will come to an end, with all that great multitude; and the remnant will be very small and few; all their glory will come to an end.”

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Compare Isaiah 16:1 and Jonathan Isaiah 16:1

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 16 describes Moab sending gifts and offering help to refugees. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan interprets this as Moab submitting to a messiah, showing them as an ally and rival, reflecting the uncertain political alliances of the time.

Passages

Isaiah 16:1

Hebrew Bible
1 Send rams as tribute to the ruler of the land, from Sela in the wilderness to the hill of Daughter Zion. 2 At the fords of the Arnon the Moabite women are like a bird that flies about when forced from its nest. 3 “Bring a plan, make a decision. Provide some shade in the middle of the day. Hide the fugitives! Do not betray the one who tries to escape.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 16:1

Targum
1 They will bring tribute to the Messiah of Israel, who will prevail over those who are in the wilderness, to the mountain of the congregation of Zion. 2 Otherwise it will happen that, like a bird driven away, cast out of its nest, the daughters of Moab will be sent wandering to the fords of Arnon. 3 Take counsel, carry out a decision. Make your shadow like the night at midday; hide the outcasts, do not betray the fugitives.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The picture of a gift sent freely in the MT is transformed in the Tg into one of submission to the Messiah by means of tributes (verse 1). But Moab’s submission is not merely a matter of defeat: his “kingdom” (verse 4) has a specific purpose, a role to play, in the events leading up to the messianic reign (compare 15:21). Moab is to serve as a refuge from “the one who distresses” until the Messiah’s throne is established in the “goodness” of just judgment (verse 5). (This may explain why in verse 3 the “shadow” of Moab is said to be now “as the night” [against Israel] and now “as the day” [in favor of the outcasts]) ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 35.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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