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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 14

1 For the LORD will have compassion on the house of Jacob and will again delight in Israel, and He will make them dwell in their land; and converts will be joined to them, and they will be united to the house of Jacob. 2 And the nations will take them and bring them to their land; and the house of Israel will possess them in the land of the Shekinah of the LORD as male and female servants; and they will take captive those who had taken them captive, and those who had made them their servants will now serve them. 3 And in that day the LORD will give you rest from your distress, from your bondage, and from the hard servitude that was imposed on you, 4 that you will take up this taunt against the king of Babylon and say, “How the dominion that enslaved us has ceased! How the strength of the sinner has come to an end! 5 The LORD has broken the strength of the wicked, the government of sinners, 6 him who struck the peoples in fury with a relentless stroke, who ruled the nations in anger, ruling, and none restrained him. 7 The whole earth is at rest and quiet; they break out in singing. 8 The rulers also rejoiced over you; the rich in treasures said, ‘Since you were laid low, no destroyer has come up against us.’ 9 Hell beneath is stirred for you, to meet you at your coming; it rouses for you the mighty, all the rich in treasures; all the kings of the nations rise from their thrones. 10 All of them will answer and say to you, ‘Have you also become weak as we are? Have you become like us?’ 11 Your glory is brought down to the grave, along with the noise of your harps; the maggot is spread out beneath you, and worms cover you. 12 How you are cast down from on high,⁠ you who shone among the sons of men like the planet Venus among the stars! You are dashed down to the earth, you who slaughtered among the nations. 13 And you, you said in your heart, ‘I will climb up the heavens; I will set the throne of my kingdom⁠ above the people of God, and I will sit on the mountain of the solemn assembly, on the far reaches of the north; 14 I will ascend above all peoples; I will be higher than all of them.’ 15 But you will be brought down to the grave, to the depths of the pit of the place of destruction. 16 Those who see you will look closely at you; they will consider you and say, ‘Is this the man who made the earth tremble, who laid kingdoms waste, 17 who made the world like a wilderness, who laid waste its cities, and did not open the gate for his prisoners?’ 18 All the kings of the nations, all of them, lie down in glory, each in his own eternal home. 19 But you are cast out of your grave like a discarded branch, like those hidden among the slain, like those pierced by the sword, like those who go down to the lowest pit of the place of destruction, like a carcass trampled underfoot. 20 You will not be like one of them in burial, because you have destroyed your country and slain your people; the seed of evildoers will never be established. 21 Prepare slaughter for his children, for the iniquity of their fathers, so that they do not rise and possess the earth and fill the face of the world with enemies.” 22 And I will reveal myself to take vengeance on them, says the LORD of hosts; and I will cut off from Babylon its name and remnant, its offspring and descendants, says the LORD of hosts. 23 And I will make it a possession for the hedgehog, a place of desolation, pools of water; and I will sweep her with a broom, and I will cast her down to destroy her, says the LORD of hosts. 24 The LORD of hosts has sworn, saying, “Surely, as I have planned, so it will be; and as I have purposed, so it will stand. 25 I will break the Assyrian in my land, and on the mountains of my people I will trample him underfoot; then his dominion will depart from them, and his yoke will be lifted from their necks.” 26 This is the purpose that is purposed against all the inhabitants of the earth, and this is the might of the ruler that is lifted up over all the kingdoms. 27 For the LORD of hosts has purposed, and who can annul it? His power is exalted, and who can withstand it? 28 In the year that King Ahaz died came this burden of prophecy. 29 Do not rejoice, O Philistia, all of you, because the government that enslaved you is broken; for from the children of Jesse will come forth the Messiah, and his works among you will be like a flying serpent. 30 And the poor of my people will be fed, and the meek in his days will dwell in safety; but he will slay your children with famine, and the remnant of your people he will kill. 31 Wail over your gate, cry out over your city! You Philistines, all of you, will be broken; because from the north vengeance is coming, and it will not delay its appointed time. 32 And what good news will the messengers of the nations bring back? That the LORD has founded Zion, and the poor of His people will find refuge in it.

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Compare Isaiah 14:13 and Jonathan Isaiah 14:13

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 14 describes the king of Babylon trying to rise above the heavens and challenge divine rule. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan changes this so the king no longer wants to challenge God and instead wants to dominate the people of God.

Passages

Isaiah 14:13

Hebrew Bible
12 “Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O conqueror of the nations! 13 You said to yourself, ‘I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne. I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon. 14 I will climb up to the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High!’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 14:13

Targum
12 How you are cast down from on high, you who shone among the sons of men like the planet Venus among the stars! You are dashed down to the earth, you who slaughtered among the nations. 13 And you, you said in your heart, ‘I will climb up the heavens; I will set the throne of my kingdom above the people of God, and I will sit on the mountain of the solemn assembly, on the far reaches of the north; 14 I will ascend above all peoples; I will be higher than all of them.’
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... “The house of Jacob” is promised the addition of “proselytes” in a land in which the “Shekhinah” is restored (vv. 1, 2), while Babylon is the butt of a taunt against the broken strength of its sinful mastery (verses 4–6). Particular relief is expressed by rich rulers (verse 8), who presumably have borne the economic brunt of tyranny. But any such relief is to be short-lived, in that the rich are also named as the principal inhabitants of Sheol (verse 9) ...imagery of 14:12 may have influenced Luke 10:18. The arrogance of the king of Babylon is spelled out in verses 13–14, and the Targumic innovation is to replace the idea of his challenging God in the Masoretic text with the motif of his attempt to dominate “the people of God” ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 33.

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