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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 11

1 And a king shall come forth from the sons of Jesse, and from his children’s children the Messiah shall be anointed.⁠ 2 And there shall dwell upon him the spirit of prophecy from before the LORD: the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD. 3 He shall bring him to the fear of the LORD; and he shall not judge according to the sight of His eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears. 4 But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with faithfulness the needy of the earth; and he shall strike the sinners of the earth with the word of his mouth,⁠ and with the speech of His lips he shall slay Romulus the wicked. 5 And the righteous shall be around him, and the workers of faith shall draw near to him. 6 In the days of the Messiah of Israel peace shall be multiplied in the earth. The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall dwell with the kid; and the calf, and the lion, and the fatling together; and a little sucking child shall be leading them. 7 And the cow and the bear shall feed together, their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. 8 And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the cobra, and the weaned child shall put forth his hand on the sight of the pupil of the eyes of the adder. 9 They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the fear of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea. 10 And there shall be at that time a son of the son of Jesse, who shall stand for an ensign of the people; kings shall obey him, and the place of his dwelling shall be in glory. 11 And it shall come to pass at that time, that the LORD shall add a second time His might to redeem the remnant of His people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pattros, and from India, and from Elam, and from Babylon, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. 12 And He shall lift up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the scattered of Israel, and the captivity of Judah He shall gather together from the four winds of the earth. 13 The envy of the house of Ephraim shall depart, and those that oppress the house of Judah shall come to an end: those of the house of Ephraim shall not envy the house of Judah; and those of the house of Judah shall not oppress the house of Ephraim. 14 They shall be united in one mind to strike the Philistines towards the west: they shall spoil the children of the east. Against Edom and Moab they shall stretch out their hands, and the children of Ammon shall obey them. 15 And the LORD shall dry up the tongue of the Egyptian sea, and shall lift the stroke of His strength upon Euphrates by the word of His prophets, and shall strike it in seven streams, and men shall walk through it on dry ground. 16 And there shall be a paved way for the remnant of His people, which shall be left, from Assyria, as it was for Israel in the day of their coming up from the land of Egypt.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 11:4 and Jonathan Isaiah 11:4

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 11 describes a just ruler who defends the poor and punishes the unrighteous. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan adds the name Romulus, identifying an enemy as Rome. This anachronistic reference connects the narrative to later events.

Passages

Isaiah 11:4

Hebrew Bible
3 His smelling is in the fear of the Lord7. He will not judge by mere appearances or make decisions on the basis of hearsay. 4 He will treat the poor fairly and make right decisions for the downtrodden of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth and order the wicked to be executed. 5 Justice will be like a belt around his waist, integrity will be like a belt around his hips.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 11:4

Targum
3 He shall bring him to the fear of the LORD; and he shall not judge according to the sight of His eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears. 4 But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with faithfulness the needy of the earth; and he shall strike the sinners of the earth with the word of his mouth, and with the speech of His lips he shall slay Romulus the wicked. 5 And the righteous shall be around him, and the workers of faith shall draw near to him.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... “Wicked” is preceded by “Romulus” (a cipher for Rome) in the First and Second Rabbinic Bibles. As Levy points out, this figure was also known in medieval Jewish mythology as an opponent of the Jews. Levy also notes his connection to the figures of Gog and Magog, which seems to indicate that the present reading is to be associated with the interpolation at 10:32. The thesis of Levey that the reading is determinative for the date of the Targum, is therefore not tenable. The related spellings, רומלגוס and רומלגוז, appear in marginal readings in Reuchlinianus, while רומלגון appears in the manuscript itself ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 28.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 11:4 and Jonathan Isaiah 11:4

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