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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Woe to those who sign oppressive decrees, and to those who write out grievous statutes, 2 to turn aside the needy from justice, and to rob the poor of my people of what they are owed in judgment, making widows their prey and robbing the orphans of their wealth. 3 What will you do in the day your sins are visited upon you, when the tumult of oppression comes from far away? Where will you flee for help, and where will you leave your glory? 4 Therefore out of your land you will be bound among the captives, and out of your cities you will be cast out slain. For all this they do not turn away from their sins, that His anger might turn away from them; but still they hold fast to their rebellion, and yet His stroke will be to take vengeance on them. 5 Woe to the Assyrian, the government of my fury! An angel is sent from before me against them for a curse. 6 I will send him against a hypocritical assembly, and against a people who have transgressed my Torah I will give him a charge, to take the spoil and to take the prey, and to make them trampled underfoot like the mire of the streets. 7 But he did not intend this, nor does his heart think so; rather, in his heart he has determined to destroy and to make an end of many nations without compassion. 8 For he says, “Are not all my rulers alike considered as kings before me? 9 Is it not so? As Carchemish is subdued before me, will not Calno be the same? As Arpad is delivered into my hands, will not Hamath be the same? As I have done to Damascus, so will I do to Samaria. 10 As my hand has reached the kingdoms that worship idols, though their images were more than those of Jerusalem and their statues more than those of Samaria, 11 shall I not do to Jerusalem and her idols as I have done to Samaria and her idols?” 12 And when the LORD has finished doing all He has said on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and the glory of his haughty looks. 13 For he says, “By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom, for I am shrewd; I have led nations into captivity from province to province, I have plundered the cities of their glory, and with strength I have brought down those who dwell in fortified places. 14 And my hand has found the riches of the peoples like a nest; and as one gathers abandoned eggs, I have gathered all the inhabitants of the earth; and there was none that stirred a wing, or opened its mouth, or chirped.” 15 Is it possible that the axe should boast against the one who chops with it, saying, “I have cut”? Or should the saw magnify itself against the one who pulls it, saying, “Do I not pull?” When a rod is lifted up to strike, it is not the rod that strikes, but the one who strikes with it. 16 Because the king of Assyria magnifies himself, therefore the Lord of the world, the LORD of hosts, will send a blow among his princes; and beneath the vessels of their glory they will be utterly burned up, like the burning of a fire. 17 And the LORD, the Light of Israel, will be there, and His Holy One; His Memra will be strong as fire, and His Memra as a flame; and it will slay and make an end of his rulers and his governors in one day. 18 And it will consume the glory of the multitude of his army, both their souls and their bodies, and he will be broken and become a fugitive. 19 And the rest of his warriors will come to an end, so that the people will be a small number, and they will be reckoned a weak kingdom. 20 And at that time the remnant of Israel and those who have escaped of the house of Jacob will no longer lean on the people whom they served, but they will lean on the Memra of the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth. 21 The remnant who have not sinned and have turned away from sin, the remnant of the house of Jacob, will return to worship before the mighty God. 22 Though your people Israel be like the sand of the sea, a remnant who have not sinned but have turned away from sin, for them mighty things will be done, which will prevail, by those who speak in righteousness. 23 For the Lord, the God of hosts, is bringing a full and final end upon all the wicked in the midst of the earth. 24 Therefore thus says the Lord, the God of hosts, “O my people who dwell in Zion, do not be afraid of the Assyrian. He will strike you with his government, and he will lift up his dominion over you, after the manner of Egypt. 25 For in a little while the curses will cease from you of the house of Jacob, and my anger will be against the people who work iniquity, to destroy them.” 26 And the LORD of hosts will bring a stroke upon him, like the stroke of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and his dominion will depart from you, as the dominion of Pharaoh departed at the sea, and mighty works will be done for you after the manner of Egypt. 27 And at that time his dominion will depart from you, and his yoke from off your neck,⁠ and the nations will be broken before the Messiah. 28 He has come to Aiath, he has passed through Migron; at Micmash he will appoint the princes of his army. 29 They waded, they crossed the Jordan; at Geba they spent the night; the inhabitants of Ramah are broken; the men of Gibeah of Saul have fled. 30 Lift up your voice, men of the daughter of Gallim! Listen, you who dwell in Laish, you who dwell in poor Anathoth. 31 The men of Madmenah are broken; the inhabitants of Gebim have fled. 32 The day is still high, and he has much time left. Look, Sennacherib the king of Assyria! He journeyed and passed three stations, and he brought with him forty thousand seats of gold, in which the sons of the kings, crowned with crowns, were sitting; likewise there were led with him two hundred thousand bearing swords and spears; he also brought with him two hundred and sixty thousand archers, and a hundred thousand men ran before him. The length of his camp was four hundred parasangs; the necks of his horses, forty parasangs; the number of his army was two hundred and sixty thousand myriads less one. So they came against Abraham, when they had cast him into the midst of the burning fire, and so they will come with Gog and Magog, when the world will have completed its end to be redeemed. When the first host crossed the Jordan, they drank up the waters that were in the Jordan. When the second host crossed the Jordan, the hooves of the horses soaked up and drank the waters. When the third host crossed the Jordan, they dug wells and drank the waters. He came and stood at Nob, the city of the priests, before the wall of Jerusalem; he answered and said to his army, “Is this not the city of Jerusalem, against which I have noisily gathered all my camps, and for the sake of which I have oppressed all my provinces? Look, she is smaller and weaker than all the fortified cities of the nations that I have subdued by the strength of my hand.” He came up, he stood and shook his head; he stretched out and moved his hand against the mount of the house of the sanctuary that is in Zion, and against the court that is in Jerusalem. 33 Look, the Lord of the world, the LORD of hosts, will cast slaughter into his camp like grapes trodden in a winepress; and the tall in stature will be cut down, and the mighty will be brought low. 34 And He will slay the mighty men of his camp, who are strong as iron, and those who make war on the earth will be cast down.

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Compare Isaiah 10:27 and Jonathan Isaiah 10:27

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 10 compares Israel’s future rescue to Egypt’s defeat and Midian’s fall and says the yoke of oppression will be lifted as the nation grows strong. The Aramaic Targum adds that this freedom comes through the Messiah who breaks foreign rule by force.

Passages

Isaiah 10:27

Hebrew Bible
26 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is about to beat them with a whip, similar to the way he struck down Midian at the rock of Oreb. He will use his staff against the sea, lifting it up as he did in Egypt. 27 At that time the Lord will remove their burden from your shoulders and their yoke from your neck; the yoke will be taken off because your neck will be too large. 28 They attacked Aiath, moved through Migron, depositing their supplies at Micmash.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 10:27

Targum
26 And the LORD of hosts will bring a stroke upon him, like the stroke of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and his dominion will depart from you, as the dominion of Pharaoh departed at the sea, and mighty works will be done for you after the manner of Egypt. 27 And at that time his dominion will depart from you, and his yoke from off your neck, and the nations will be broken before the Messiah. 28 He has come to Aiath, he has passed through Migron; at Micmash he will appoint the princes of his army.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The repentance of Jacob (verse 21) consists especially of a refusal to co-operate with the occupying power (verse 20), and has glorious results (verse 22). “The wicked” are to be destroyed (verse 23) in favour of Jacob (verse 25), and the new release is compared to the liberation from Egypt (verse 26). Quite innovatively, “the Messiah” is assigned a prominent place in the shattering of Gentile rule (verse 27) by military means (verse 28). “Sennacherib” appears as the image of the Gentile military arrogance (v. 32) which God will utterly demolish (verses 33, 34) ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 27.

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