Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Hosea 6:2 and 1 Corinthians 15:4 and Jonathan Hosea 6:2

Septuagint · New Testament · Targum

Summary

Hosea 6:2 speaks of Israel’s restoration after suffering, using imagery of healing and recovery on the third day. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan interprets this as a reference to resurrection, an interpretation also found in 1 Corinthians.

Passages

LXX Hosea 6:2

Septuagint

1 Let us go, and return to the Lord our God; for he has torn, and will heal us; he will strike, and bind us up. 2 After two days he will heal us: in the third day we shall arise, and live before him, 3 and we shall know him; let us follow on to know the Lord: we shall find him ready as the morning, and he will come to us as the early and latter rain to the earth.

100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Hosea

1 Corinthians 15:4

New Testament

1 Now I want to make clear for you, brothers and sisters, the gospel that I preached to you, that you received and on which you stand, 2 and by which you are being saved, if you hold firmly to the message I preached to you—unless you believed in vain. 3 For I passed on to you as of first importance what I also received—that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures, 4 and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day according to the scriptures, 5 and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. 6 Then he appeared to more than 500 of the brothers and sisters at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep.

55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

Jonathan Hosea 6:2

Targum

1 They will say to Him and we will return to the table of the LORD, for He is the one who provides and nourishes, and the one who brings bounty to us, may He continue to bless us. 2 He will give us life in the days of consolations that will come; on the day of the resurrection of the dead he will raise us up and we shall live before him. 3 And we will diligently seek to know the fear of the LORD, like the morning light that shines brightly on its path, and may He give us strength, like the rain that strengthens the earth.

200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Hosea

References

"... In its original context, there is little reason to doubt that Hosea 6:2 is a reference to the restoration and healing of Israel, and not the resurrection of the dead. In later interpretation, however, probably beginning with the LXX and culminating in the targumic translation, the text was taken to describe the resurrection. W. Edward Glenny notes that for “early readers of the LXX, who were reading Hosea 6:2 in its context, the verse would be understood first of all to refer to the Lord’s restoration of his people, Israel, to himself and the nation’s resurrection back to life after a period, hopefully short (‘the third day’), of his chastisement of them.” He also admits, however, that the combination of “the third day,” “we will rise up” and “we will live” “suggest the resurrection of the dead in Hosea 6:2.” This implies that early readers of the LXX could have interpreted 6:2 to refer to resurrection, and this is reflected in later Jewish interpretation of the passage ..."

John G. Cook, Raised on the Third Day According to the Scriptures: Hosea 6:2 in Jewish Tradition (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 188–211.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Compare LXX Hosea 6:2 and 1 Corinthians 15:4 and Jonathan Hosea 6:2

Summary

Passages

LXX Hosea 6:2

1 Corinthians 15:4

Jonathan Hosea 6:2

References

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