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Jonah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah a second time, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.”⁠ 3 So Jonah went immediately to Nineveh, in keeping with the Lord’s message. Now Nineveh was an enormous city—it required three days to walk through it! 4 Jonah began to enter the city by going one day’s walk, announcing, “At the end of 40 days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”⁠ 5 The people of Nineveh believed in God, and they declared a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the least of them.⁠ 6 When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, put on sackcloth, and sat on ashes. 7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do.⁠ 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”⁠ 10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them⁠ with and did not destroy them.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 3:8 and LXX Jonah 3:8

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Jonah uses unusual grammar to describe how everyone responded to his warning by wearing sackcloth. The Greek Septuagint translation simplifies this into the past tense and applies it to both people and animals, describing the animals wearing sackcloth.

Passages

Jonah 3:8

Hebrew Bible
7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do. 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

LXX Jonah 3:8

Septuagint
7 And proclamation was made, and it was commanded in Nineveh by the king and by his great men, saying, Do not let men, or cattle, or oxen, or sheep, taste anything, nor feed, nor drink water. 8 So men and cattle were clothed with sackcloths, and cried earnestly to God; and they turned every one from their evil way, and from the iniquity that was in their hands, saying, 9 Who knows if God will repent, and turn from his fierce anger, and so we shall not perish?
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jonah

References

"... But we observe an interesting occurrence in 3:8. There the Hebrew writer has done something unusual. The three verbs which communicate the Ninevite response to Jonah are all waw + imperfect forms rather than the waw-consecutive forms with which the writer has been telling the story. This places emphasis on the content of this verse. The Greek translator has read those same three verbs as waw-consecutive imperfects (a different vocalization than the MT). The result is that the Greek translator uses the aorist tense-form for these three verbs, abandoning the literary emphasis of the Hebrew version ..."
John A. Beck, Translators as Storytellers: A Study in Septuagint Translation Technique, StBibLit 25 (New York: Peter Lang, 2000), 43.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jonah 3:8 and LXX Jonah 3:8

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