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Jonah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah a second time, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.”⁠ 3 So Jonah went immediately to Nineveh, in keeping with the Lord’s message. Now Nineveh was an enormous city—it required three days to walk through it! 4 Jonah began to enter the city by going one day’s walk, announcing, “At the end of 40 days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”⁠ 5 The people of Nineveh believed in God, and they declared a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the least of them.⁠ 6 When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, put on sackcloth, and sat on ashes. 7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do.⁠ 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”⁠ 10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them⁠ with and did not destroy them.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 3:10 and LXX Jonah 3:10

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Jonah 3 says that God stopped his planned judgment in response to the people’s change of behavior. The Greek Septuagint translation keeps this but uses language that describes a change of mind instead of a change in action.

Passages

Jonah 3:10

Hebrew Bible
8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do. 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.” 10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them with and did not destroy them.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

LXX Jonah 3:10

Septuagint
8 So men and cattle were clothed with sackcloths, and cried earnestly to God; and they turned every one from their evil way, and from the iniquity that was in their hands, saying, 9 Who knows if God will repent, and turn from his fierce anger, and so we shall not perish? 10 And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil ways; and God repented of the evil which he had said he would do to them; and he did not do it.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jonah

References

"... In the Targum, we do not find the verb נחם. In 1 Samuel 15:35, the Targumist softened (“And the Lord regretted his Memra that he made Saul king over Israel”). In 1 Samuel 15:29, the Targum translator avoided even the negative comparison given in the Masoretic text of 1 Samuel 15:29 (“And also the glory of Israel will not lie and will not repent, for he is not a man so as to repent” – in this negative clause, Ant and Ra offer µετανοέω). He renders the passage as follows: God “does not turn from whatever he says; for he is not like the sons of men who say and act deceitfully, decree and do not carry out.” (In Jonah 3:9, Nahal Hever Minor Prophets Scroll offers twice παρακαλέοµαι whereas the Septuagint of Jonah 3:9. offers µετανοέω. Other translators did not feel free to alter, e.g. the translator of Jonah 3:10) ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 74.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jonah 3:10 and LXX Jonah 3:10

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