Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonah

About this book

Jonah Flees His Commission

Chapter 1

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah son of Amittai,⁠ 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large capital city, and announce judgment against its people because their wickedness has come to my attention.”⁠ 3 Instead, Jonah immediately headed off to Tarshish to escape from the commission of the Lord. He traveled to Joppa and found a merchant ship heading to Tarshish. So he paid the fare and went aboard it to go with them to Tarshish, far away from the Lord.⁠

The Storm at Sea

4 But the Lord hurled a powerful wind on the sea. Such a violent tempest arose on the sea that the ship threatened to break up!⁠ 5 The sailors were so afraid that each cried out to his own god and they flung the ship’s cargo overboard to make the ship lighter.⁠ Jonah, meanwhile, had gone down into the hold below deck, had lain down, and was sound asleep.⁠ 6 The ship’s captain approached him and said, “What are you doing asleep? Get up! Cry out to your god! Perhaps your god might take notice of us so that we might not die!”⁠

7 The sailors said to one another, “Come on, let’s cast lots to find out whose fault it is that this disaster has overtaken us.” So they cast lots, and Jonah was singled out. 8 They said to him, “Tell us, whose fault is it that this disaster has overtaken us? What’s your occupation? Where do you come from? What’s your country? And who are your people?” 9 He said to them, “I am a Hebrew,⁠ and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” 10 Hearing this, the men became even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” The men said this because they knew that he was trying to escape from the Lord, because he had previously told them.⁠

11 Because the storm was growing worse and worse, they said to him, “What should we do to you so that the sea will calm down for us?” 12 He said to them, “Pick me up and throw me into the sea so that the sea will calm down for you, because I know it’s my fault you are in this severe storm.” 13 Instead, they tried to row back to land, but they were not able to do so because the storm kept growing worse and worse. 14 So they cried out to the Lord, “Oh, please, Lord, don’t let us die on account of this man! Don’t hold us guilty of shedding innocent blood. After all, you, Lord, have done just as you pleased.” 15 So they picked Jonah up and threw him into the sea, and the sea stopped raging. 16 The men feared the Lord greatly and earnestly vowed to offer lavish sacrifices to the Lord.

Jonah and the Great Fish

17 The Lord sent a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the stomach of the fish three days and three nights.⁠

Continue to Micah

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 1:9 and Jonathan Jonah 1:9

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, the prophet identifies himself as a Hebrew. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he identifies himself as a Jew, using a name more familiar to the translator’s community.

Passages

Jonah 1:9

Hebrew Bible
7 The sailors said to one another, “Come on, let’s cast lots to find out whose fault it is that this disaster has overtaken us.” So they cast lots, and Jonah was singled out. 8 They said to him, “Tell us, whose fault is it that this disaster has overtaken us? What’s your occupation? Where do you come from? What’s your country? And who are your people?” 9 He said to them, “I am a Hebrew, and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” 10 Hearing this, the men became even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” The men said this because they knew that he was trying to escape from the Lord, because he had previously told them.
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 1:9

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
7 And they said, to one another, “Come, let’s cast lots, and we’ll know whose fault this disaster is.” And they cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah.8 And they said to him, “Tell us now, whose fault is this disaster? What is your occupation? And where do you come from? What is your country, and what people do you belong to?”9 And he said to them, “I am a Jew, and I revere the LORD, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.”10 And the men were terrified, and said to him, “What have you done?” because the men knew that he was fleeing from the LORD, since he had told them.

References

“... For MT “Hebrew”. Levine (The Aramaic Version of Jonah 65) quotes the interesting passage from Jerome (Commentary, ad loc.]:“Non dixit ludaeus ego sum, quod scissura decem tribuum a duabus populo nomen imposuit, sed Hebraeus sum, hoc est peratés, transitor, sicut et Abraham, qui dicere poterat: Aduena sum ego et peregrinus, sicut omnes patres mei.” It is likely that 7g. is simply a contemporary equivalent of the biblical “Hebrew”. ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 106.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Last updated

Jonah 1:9 and Jonathan Jonah 1:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library