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Jonah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah son of Amittai, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large capital city, and announce judgment against its people because their wickedness has come to my attention.”⁠ 3 Instead, Jonah immediately headed off to Tarshish to escape from the commission of the Lord. He traveled to Joppa and found a merchant ship heading to Tarshish. So he paid the fare and went aboard it to go with them to Tarshish, far away from the Lord. 4 But the Lord hurled a powerful wind on the sea. Such a violent tempest arose on the sea that the ship threatened to break up!⁠ 5 The sailors were so afraid that each cried out to his own god and they flung the ship’s cargo overboard to make the ship lighter.⁠ Jonah, meanwhile, had gone down into the hold below deck, had lain down, and was sound asleep.⁠ 6 The ship’s captain approached him and said, “What are you doing asleep? Get up! Cry out to your god! Perhaps your god might take notice of us so that we might not die!”⁠ 7 The sailors said to one another, “Come on, let’s cast lots to find out whose fault it is that this disaster has overtaken us.” So they cast lots, and Jonah was singled out. 8 They said to him, “Tell us, whose fault is it that this disaster has overtaken us? What’s your occupation? Where do you come from? What’s your country? And who are your people?” 9 He said to them, “I am a Hebrew,⁠ and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” 10 Hearing this, the men became even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” (The men said this because they knew that he was trying to escape from the Lord, because he had previously told them.)⁠ 11 Because the storm was growing worse and worse, they said to him, “What should we do to you so that the sea will calm down for us?” 12 He said to them, “Pick me up and throw me into the sea so that the sea will calm down for you, because I know it’s my fault you are in this severe storm.” 13 Instead, they tried to row back to land, but they were not able to do so because the storm kept growing worse and worse. 14 So they cried out to the Lord, “Oh, please, Lord, don’t let us die on account of this man! Don’t hold us guilty of shedding innocent blood. After all, you, Lord, have done just as you pleased.” 15 So they picked Jonah up and threw him into the sea, and the sea stopped raging. 16 The men feared the Lord greatly and earnestly vowed to offer lavish sacrifices to the Lord. 17 (2:1) The Lord sent a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the stomach of the fish three days and three nights.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 1:5 and LXX Jonah 1:5

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, the prophet lies down in the ship’s hold and falls asleep during the deadly storm. The Greek Septuagint adds that he snored, heightening the irony of Jonah sleeping soundly while the terrified sailors struggle to survive.

Passages

Jonah 1:5

Hebrew Bible
4 But the Lord hurled a powerful wind on the sea. Such a violent tempest arose on the sea that the ship threatened to break up! 5 The sailors were so afraid that each cried out to his own god and they flung the ship’s cargo overboard to make the ship lighter. Jonah, meanwhile, had gone down into the hold below deck, had lain down, and was sound asleep. 6 The ship’s captain approached him and said, “What are you doing asleep? Get up! Cry out to your god! Perhaps your god might take notice of us so that we might not die!”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

LXX Jonah 1:5

Septuagint
4 And the Lord raised up a wind on the sea; and there was a great storm on the sea, and the ship was in danger of being broken. 5 And the sailors were alarmed, and cried every one to his god, and cast out the wares that were in the ship into the sea, that it might be lightened of them. But Jonah had gone down into the hold of the ship, and was asleep, and snored. 6 And the shipmaster came to him, and said to him, Why do you snore? arise, and call upon your God, that God may save us, and we do not perish.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jonah

References

... wayyiskab wayyeradam. According to the Septuagint, once he witnessed the storm Jonah went down to the ship’s bowel, lay down to sleep, and promptly began to snore (kai eregche [erregchen]; so also [Pseudo]-Philo: König 1906: 745). Harmonizing the two readings by reconstructing a plausible common text for both is unnecessary, for the Septuagint is simply introducing humor that will sharpen when the helmsman frantically turns to Jonah for help. In his oration on Jonah, Philo depends on the Septuagint but regards snoring as a plot device to bring Jonah to the helmsman’s attention (cited in König 1906: 745a). Josephus (Antiquities 9.10.2) expands by stating that “Jonah lay still and covered, without imitating anything that the others did.” The church fathers commented on this act as betraying evil conscience and deep remorse (compare Keil and Delitzsch 1900: 393–94). The Hebrew vocabulary for Jonah’s act, however, is less jocose than the Septuagint’s ...
Jack M. Sasson, Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpretation (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 101.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jonah 1:5 and LXX Jonah 1:5

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