Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah son of Amittai, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large capital city, and announce judgment against its people because their wickedness has come to my attention.”⁠ 3 Instead, Jonah immediately headed off to Tarshish to escape from the commission of the Lord. He traveled to Joppa and found a merchant ship heading to Tarshish. So he paid the fare and went aboard it to go with them to Tarshish, far away from the Lord. 4 But the Lord hurled a powerful wind on the sea. Such a violent tempest arose on the sea that the ship threatened to break up!⁠ 5 The sailors were so afraid that each cried out to his own god and they flung the ship’s cargo overboard to make the ship lighter.⁠ Jonah, meanwhile, had gone down into the hold below deck, had lain down, and was sound asleep.⁠ 6 The ship’s captain approached him and said, “What are you doing asleep? Get up! Cry out to your god! Perhaps your god might take notice of us so that we might not die!”⁠ 7 The sailors said to one another, “Come on, let’s cast lots to find out whose fault it is that this disaster has overtaken us.” So they cast lots, and Jonah was singled out. 8 They said to him, “Tell us, whose fault is it that this disaster has overtaken us? What’s your occupation? Where do you come from? What’s your country? And who are your people?” 9 He said to them, “I am a Hebrew,⁠ and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” 10 Hearing this, the men became even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” (The men said this because they knew that he was trying to escape from the Lord, because he had previously told them.)⁠ 11 Because the storm was growing worse and worse, they said to him, “What should we do to you so that the sea will calm down for us?” 12 He said to them, “Pick me up and throw me into the sea so that the sea will calm down for you, because I know it’s my fault you are in this severe storm.” 13 Instead, they tried to row back to land, but they were not able to do so because the storm kept growing worse and worse. 14 So they cried out to the Lord, “Oh, please, Lord, don’t let us die on account of this man! Don’t hold us guilty of shedding innocent blood. After all, you, Lord, have done just as you pleased.” 15 So they picked Jonah up and threw him into the sea, and the sea stopped raging. 16 The men feared the Lord greatly and earnestly vowed to offer lavish sacrifices to the Lord. 17 (2:1) The Lord sent a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the stomach of the fish three days and three nights.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 1:17 and 3 Maccabees 6:8

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

Share:

Summary

Jonah is swallowed by a great fish and prays from its belly until God brings him back to dry land. In 3 Maccabees, Eleazar’s prayer recalls Jonah’s rescue alongside Pharaoh, Sennacherib, and Daniel as proof that God still saves his people.

Passages

Jonah 1:17

Hebrew Bible
15 So they picked Jonah up and threw him into the sea, and the sea stopped raging. 16 The men feared the Lord greatly and earnestly vowed to offer lavish sacrifices to the Lord. 17 (2:1) The Lord sent a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the stomach of the fish three days and three nights.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

3 Maccabees 6:8

Deuterocanon
7 It was you who, when Daniel was hurled, through slander and envy, as a prey to lions down below, brought him back again unharmed to light. 8 When Jonah was pining away in the belly of the sea-born monster, you looked at him, O Father, and recovered him to the sight of his own. 9 Now, you who hate insolence, you who abound in mercy, you who are the protector of all things, appear quickly to those of the race of Israel, who are insulted by abhorred, lawless Gentiles.
100 BCE – 70 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Maccabees

References

... The deliverance of two more characters in the Hebrew Bible rounds out the quick tour of salvation history. The well-known story of Daniel’s rescue appears in Daniel 6 and with bizarre additional details in Bel and the Dragon 31–42. Daniel serves particularly well as an example of deliverance in the present context because the destruction that threatened him involved beasts (verse 7). The same word was used by Philopator in his threatening rant against Hermon (5:31) and a similar word has been used repeatedly for Philopator’s elephants (5:23, 29, 42, 45, 47). In addition, in the case of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, the punishment that was intended for Daniel was ultimately inflicted on his opponents (Daniel 6:24; Bel 42), again foreshadowing the retribution in 3 Maccabees. The deliverance of Jonah is likewise a useful rhetorical example. “Wasting away” would be an apt description of the emotional deterioration of the Alexandrian Jews over the previous three days. Verse 8 says that God “looked upon” Jonah (rare in the Septuagint, but compare Jonah 4:5), and a similar word is used twice in this very prayer in the imperative (verses 3, 12). Restoration to one’s kin, a feature not mentioned in the biblical account of Jonah (but compare Josephus, Antiquities 9.214), is also a possible outcome in the present context if we remember that not all Jews have been herded into the hippodrome (4:17–18) ...
N. Clayton Croy, 3 Maccabees (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 99–100.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Jonah 1:17 and 3 Maccabees 6:8

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library