Go to Related Reading
About this book

John

About this book
Chapter 10

1 “I tell you the solemn truth, the one who does not enter the sheepfold by the door, but climbs in some other way, is a thief and a robber. 2 The one who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. 3 The doorkeeper opens the door for him, and the sheep hear his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. 4 When he has brought all his own sheep out, he goes ahead of them, and the sheep follow him because they recognize his voice. 5 They will never follow a stranger, but will run away from him because they do not recognize the stranger’s voice.” 6 Jesus told them this parable, but they did not understand what he was saying to them. 7 So Jesus said again, “I tell you the solemn truth, I am the door for the sheep. 8 All who came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. 9 I am the door. If anyone enters through me, he will be saved,⁠ and will come in and go out, and find pasture. 10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come so that they may have life, and may have it abundantly. 11 “I am the good shepherd.⁠ The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12 The hired hand, who is not a shepherd and does not own sheep, sees the wolf coming and abandons the sheep and runs away. So the wolf attacks the sheep and scatters them.⁠ 13 Because he is a hired hand and is not concerned about the sheep, he runs away. 14 “I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me— 15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father—and I lay down my life for the sheep. 16 I have other sheep that do not come from this sheepfold. I must bring them too, and they will listen to my voice, so that there will be one flock and one shepherd.⁠ 17 This is why the Father loves me—because I lay down my life, so that I may take it back again. 18 No one takes it away from me, but I lay it down of my own free will.⁠ I have the authority to lay it down, and I have the authority to take it back again.⁠ This commandment I received from my Father.”⁠ 19 Another sharp division took place among the Jewish people because of these words. 20 Many of them were saying, “He is possessed by a demon and has lost his mind! Why do you listen to him?” 21 Others said, “These are not the words of someone possessed by a demon. A demon cannot cause the blind to see, can it?” 22 Then came the feast of the Dedication in Jerusalem.⁠ 23 It was winter, and Jesus was walking in the temple area in Solomon’s Portico. 24 The Jewish leaders surrounded him and asked, “How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.” 25 Jesus replied, “I told you and you do not believe. The deeds I do in my Father’s name testify about me. 26 But you refuse to believe because you are not my sheep. 27 My sheep listen to my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give them eternal life, and they will never perish; no one will snatch them from my hand.⁠ 29 My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one can snatch them from my Father’s hand. 30 The Father and I are one.” 31 The Jewish leaders picked up rocks again to stone him to death. 32 Jesus said to them, “I have shown you many good deeds from the Father. For which one of them are you going to stone me?” 33 The Jewish leaders replied, “We are not going to stone you for a good deed but for blasphemy because you, a man, are claiming to be God.” 34 Jesus answered, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, you are gods’?⁠ 35 If those people to whom the word of God came were called ‘gods’ (and the scripture cannot be broken), 36 do you say about the one whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? 37 If I do not perform the deeds of my Father, do not believe me. 38 But if I do them, even if you do not believe me, believe the deeds, so that you may come to know and understand that I am in the Father and the Father is in me.”⁠ 39 Then they attempted again to seize him, but he escaped their clutches. 40 Jesus went back across the Jordan River again to the place where John had been baptizing at an earlier time, and he stayed there. 41 Many came to him and began to say, “John performed no miraculous sign, but everything John said about this man was true!” 42 And many believed in Jesus there.

Texts in conversation

The Festival in John's Gospel Began in Maccabees

Deuterocanon · New Testament

Share:

Summary

John 10 shows a debate during the Festival of Dedication, first celebrated in 1 Maccabees as a renewal of the temple. 1 Maccabees presents the temple as the restored heart of Jewish life, but John likely writes after the temple was destroyed.

Passages

1 Maccabees 4:59

Deuterocanon
54 At the time and day the Gentiles had profaned it, even then it was dedicated with songs, harps, lutes, and with cymbals. 55 All the people fell on their faces, worshiped, and gave praise toward heaven, which had given them good success. 56 They celebrated the dedication of the altar eight days, and offered burnt offerings with gladness, and sacrificed a sacrifice of deliverance and praise. 57 They decorated the front of the temple with crowns of gold and small shields. They dedicated the gates and the priests’ chambers, and made doors for them. 58 There was exceedingly great gladness among the people, and the reproach of the Gentiles was turned away. 59 Judas and his kindred and the whole congregation of Israel ordained that the days of the dedication of the altar should be kept in their seasons from year to year for eight days, from the twenty-fifth day of the month Chislev, with gladness and joy. 60 At that time, they fortified mount Zion with high walls and strong towers around it, lest perhaps the Gentiles might come and trample them down, as they had done before.
134–63 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Maccabees

John 10:22

New Testament
19 Another sharp division took place among the Jewish people because of these words. 20 Many of them were saying, “He is possessed by a demon and has lost his mind! Why do you listen to him?” 21 Others said, “These are not the words of someone possessed by a demon. A demon cannot cause the blind to see, can it?” 22 Then came the feast of the Dedication in Jerusalem. 23 It was winter, and Jesus was walking in the temple area in Solomon’s Portico. 24 The Jewish leaders surrounded him and asked, “How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.” 25 Jesus replied, “I told you and you do not believe. The deeds I do in my Father’s name testify about me.
90–110 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John

References

"... While the Festival of Dedication is an essential component of 1 and 2 Maccabees and the Gospel of John, it is not mentioned elsewhere in either the Septuagint or the New Testament. The unique focus on this festival points to a distinctive cluster of concerns for the Temple in Jerusalem that places these texts in conversation and debate with each other. 1 and 2 Maccabees celebrate the purification and dedication of the Temple by Judas Maccabeus in late 164 BCE as a highpoint of Jewish history in the Hellenistic era (1 Macc 4:36–59; 2 Macc 10:1–8). By contrast, the Gospel of John depicts the festal commemoration of this event as the occasion when the differences between Jesus and the Temple authorities reach a crescendo in the Roman era (John 10:22–39). The dissonances between the Maccabean literature and John are accentuated by the dating of the texts. The authors of 1 and 2 Maccabees, who completed their respective works perhaps late in the second century BCE, contemplated the Temple as the vibrant center of Jewish life. By contrast, the final editor who completed the Fourth Gospel around 100 CE viewed the Temple as a memory, the terminus of an era that had ended some three decades earlier in 70 CE, when the armies of Rome invaded Jerusalem and destroyed the sacred precincts ..."
Michael W. Duggan, “Hanukkah and Community Identity in 1–2 Maccabees and John,” in Bridging between Sister Religions: Studies of Jewish and Christian Scriptures Offered in Honor of Prof. John T. Townsend, ed. Isaac Kalimi, BRLJ 51 (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 284–314.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Comments

  • They celebrated the dedication for eight days ... can you specify what they had to do for each and every day in those eight days?

    Anonymous, December 12, 2023

1 Maccabees 4:59 and John 10:22

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library