Go to Related Reading
About this book

John

About this book
Chapter 1

1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was fully God.⁠ 2 The Word was with God in the beginning.⁠ 3 All things were created by him,⁠ and apart from him not one thing was created that has been created. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of mankind. 5 And the light shines on in the darkness, but the darkness has not mastered it.⁠ 6 A man came, sent from God, whose name was John. 7 He came as a witness to testify about the light, so that everyone might believe through him. 8 He himself was not the light, but he came to testify about the light. 9 The true light, who gives light to everyone, was coming into the world.⁠ 10 He was in the world, and the world was created by him, but the world did not recognize him.⁠ 11 He came to what was his own, but his own people did not receive him. 12 But to all who have received him—those who believe in his name—he has given the right to become God’s children—⁠ 13 children not born by human parents or by human desire or a husband’s decision, but by God. 14 Now the Word became flesh and took up residence among us. We saw his glory—the glory of the one and only, full of grace and truth, who came from the Father.⁠ 15 John testified about him and shouted out, “This one was the one about whom I said, ‘He who comes after me is greater than I am, because he existed before me.’” 16 For we have all received from his fullness one gracious gift after another. 17 For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came about through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God.⁠ The only one, himself God, who is in closest fellowship with the Father, has made God known.⁠ 19 Now this was John’s testimony when the Jewish leaders sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, “Who are you?” 20 He confessed—he did not deny but confessed—“I am not the Christ!” 21 So they asked him, “Then who are you? Are you Elijah?” He said, “I am not!” “Are you the Prophet?” He answered, “No!” 22 Then they said to him, “Who are you? Tell us so that we can give an answer to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?” 23 John said, “I am the voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord,’ as the prophet Isaiah said.” 24 (Now they had been sent from the Pharisees.) 25 So they asked John, “Why then are you baptizing if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?” 26 John answered them, “I baptize with water. Among you stands one whom you do not recognize, 27 who is coming after me. I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandal!” 28 These things happened in Bethany across the Jordan River where John was baptizing. 29 On the next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!⁠ 30 This is the one about whom I said, ‘After me comes a man who is greater than I am, because he existed before me.’ 31 I did not recognize him, but I came baptizing with water so that he could be revealed to Israel.” 32 Then John testified, “I saw the Spirit descending like a dove from heaven, and it remained on him. 33 And I did not recognize him, but the one who sent me to baptize with water said to me, ‘The one on whom you see the Spirit descending and remaining—this is the one who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.’ 34 I have both seen and testified that this man is the Chosen One of God.” 35 Again the next day John was standing there with two of his disciples. 36 Gazing at Jesus as he walked by, he said, “Look, the Lamb of God!” 37 When John’s two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus. 38 Jesus turned around and saw them following and said to them, “What do you want?” So they said to him, “Rabbi” (which is translated Teacher), “where are you staying?” 39 Jesus answered, “Come and you will see.” So they came and saw where he was staying, and they stayed with him that day. Now it was about four o’clock in the afternoon. 40 Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two disciples who heard what John said and followed Jesus. 41 He first found his own brother Simon and told him, “We have found the Messiah!” (which is translated Christ). 42 Andrew brought Simon to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, “You are Simon, the son of John. You will be called Cephas” (which is translated Peter). 43 On the next day Jesus wanted to set out for Galilee. He found Philip and said to him, “Follow me.” 44 (Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the town of Andrew and Peter.) 45 Philip found Nathanael and told him, “We have found the one Moses wrote about in the law, and the prophets also wrote about—Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.” 46 Nathanael replied, “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” Philip replied, “Come and see.” 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and exclaimed, “Look, a true Israelite in whom there is no deceit!”⁠ 48 Nathanael asked him, “How do you know me?” Jesus replied, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” 49 Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king of Israel!” 50 Jesus said to him, “Because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 51 He continued, “I tell all of you the solemn truth—you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Baruch 59:2 and John 1:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

Share:

Summary

The opening of John incorporates a Jewish interpretive tradition that described the Torah as a lamp shining in darkness, seen in 2 Baruch, and applies this imagery to Jesus as the embodiment of the Torah and that light.

Passages

2 Baruch 59:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
1 And the bright fourth waters which you have seen are the advent of Moses and Aaron and Miriam and Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb and of all those like them. 2 For at that time the lamp of the eternal law shone on all those who sat in darkness, which announced to them that believe the promise of their reward, and to them that deny, the torment of fire which is reserved for them. 3 But also the heavens at that time were shaken from their place, and those who were under the throne of the Mighty One were perturbed, when He was taking Moses to Himself 4 For He showed him many admonitions together with the principles of the law and the consummation of the times, as also to you, and likewise the pattern of Zion and its measures, in the pattern of which the sanctuary of the present time was to be made.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

John 1:5

New Testament
3 All things were created by him, and apart from him not one thing was created that has been created. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of mankind. 5 And the light shines on in the darkness, but the darkness has not mastered it. 6 A man came, sent from God, whose name was John. 7 He came as a witness to testify about the light, so that everyone might believe through him.
90–110 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John

References

"... As in the Old Testament, Wisdom and Torah embody light. In Wisdom of Solomon 6:12, wisdom is considered to be glorious and will never fade away. Those who love wisdom find her. The glory of wisdom has no end ... Wisdom is superior to all the luminaries created by God. Wisdom has always been shining since before everything was created. Because she has been shining, evil cannot prevail against wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon 7:29-30). The Dead Sea Scrolls (1QS 2:3) also acknowledge that wisdom gives light and life that last into eternity. Wisdom is the fountain of righteousness and a spring of glory (1QS 11:5-6). She is a source of guidance, illumination that changes behavior, and quality of life. On the other hand, obedience to the Torah is a source of light. The law is a lamp that lighted the way for the generations of Israel (2 Baruch 17:14). The law came from the true light, 'He who lighted took from the light, and there are few who imitated him (Moses). But many whom he illumined took from the darkness of Adam and did not rejoice in the light of the lamp' (2 Baruch 18:2). The phrase 'took from the light' could help to explain John 1:9, 'The true light that gives light to every man was coming into the world.' Also, '...did not rejoice in the light of the lamp' could also help to explain John 3:19, 'This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but men loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil.' 'Their deeds were evil'; in 2 Baruch 18:2 they disobeyed the law because of the darkness they received from Adam. The darkness initiated by Adam continues to this day. Still in 2 Baruch (59:2), '...the lamp of the eternal law which exists forever and ever illuminated those who sat in darkness. This law will announce to those who believe the promise of their reward and to those who deny the punishment of the fire which is kept for them.' The purpose of the law was to shine in darkness so that people can find their way. Those that rejected it stand eternally condemned. John 1:5, talks about the light that shines in the darkness, which the darkness has not understood. Those who believe in the Son of God (the Light) are not condemned and those who reject him stay condemned (John 3:18) ..."
Peter Manzanga, “A Study of the Background of the Concepts ‘Life’ and ‘Light’ in the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel” (MA diss., North-West University, 2007), 67–68.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

2 Baruch 59:2 and John 1:5

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library