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Joel

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm signal on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land shake with fear, for the day of the Lord is about to come. Indeed, it is near!⁠ 2 It will be a day of dreadful darkness, a day of foreboding storm clouds,⁠ like blackness spread over the mountains. It is a huge and powerful army—there has never been anything like it ever before, and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come!⁠ 3 Like fire they devour everything in their path; a flame blazes behind them. The land looks like the Garden of Eden before them, but behind them there is only a desolate wilderness—for nothing escapes them!⁠ 4 They look like horses; they charge ahead like war horses. 5 They sound like chariots rumbling over mountain tops, like the crackling of blazing fire consuming stubble, like the noise of a mighty army being drawn up for battle. 6 People writhe in fear when they see them. All their faces turn pale with fright.⁠ 7 They charge like warriors; they scale walls like soldiers. Each one proceeds on his course; they do not alter their path. 8 They do not jostle one another; each of them marches straight ahead. They burst through the city defenses and do not break ranks. 9 They rush into the city; they scale its walls. They climb up into the houses; they go in through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the sky reverberates. The sun and the moon grow dark; the stars refuse to shine.⁠ 11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who⁠ can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning.⁠ 13 Tear your hearts, not just your garments.”⁠ Return to the Lord your God, for he is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and boundless in loyal love—often⁠ relenting from calamitous punishment.⁠ 14 Who knows? Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, and leave blessing in his wake—a⁠ meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God! 15 Blow the trumpet in Zion. Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly. 16 Gather the people; sanctify an assembly! Gather the elders; gather the children and the nursing infants. Let the bridegroom come out from his bedroom and the bride from her private quarters. 17 Let the priests, those who serve the Lord, weep from the vestibule all the way back to the altar. Let them say, “Have pity, O Lord, on your people; please do not turn over your inheritance to be mocked, to become a proverb among the nations. Why should it be said among the peoples, ‘Where is their God?’”⁠ 18 Then the Lord became zealous for his land; he had compassion on his people. 19 The Lord responded to his people, “Look! I am about to restore your grain as well as fresh wine and olive oil. You will be fully satisfied. I will never again make you an object of mockery among the nations. 20 I will remove the one from the north far from you. I will drive him out to a dry and desolate place. Those in front will be driven eastward into the Dead Sea, and those in back westward into the Mediterranean Sea. His stench will rise up as a foul smell.” Indeed, the Lord has accomplished great things! 21 Do not fear, my land. Rejoice and be glad because the Lord has accomplished great things! 22 Do not fear, wild animals. For the pastures of the wilderness are again green with grass. Indeed, the trees bear their fruit; the fig tree and the vine yield to their fullest. 23 Citizens of Zion, rejoice! Be glad because of what the Lord your God has done! For he has given to you the early rains as vindication.⁠ He has sent to you the rains—both the early and the late rains as formerly. 24 The threshing floors are full of grain; the vats overflow with fresh wine and olive oil. 25 “I will make up for the years that the ‘arbeh-locust consumed your crops—the yeleq-locust, the hasil-locust, and the gazam-locust—my great army that I sent against you. 26 You will have plenty to eat, and your hunger will be fully satisfied; you will praise the name of the Lord your God, who has acted wondrously in your behalf. My people will never again be put to shame. 27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel. I am the Lord your God; there is no other. My people will never again be put to shame. 28 (3:1) “After all of this I will pour out my Spirit on all kinds of people.⁠ Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your elderly will have prophetic dreams; your young men will see visions.⁠ 29 Even on male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit in those days. 30 I will produce portents both in the sky and on the earth—blood, fire, and columns of smoke.⁠ 31 The sunlight will be turned to darkness and the moon to the color of blood, before the day of the Lord comes—that great and terrible day! 32 It will so happen that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be delivered. For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be those who survive, just as the Lord has promised; the remnant will be those whom the Lord will call.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Joel 2:28 and LXX Joel 3:1

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

The Hebrew version of Joel has God promise to pour out his Spirit on all people. The Greek Septuagint changes this to pouring out some of the Spirit, echoing Numbers, where God takes some of the spirit resting on Moses for the seventy elders.

Passages

Joel 2:28

Hebrew Bible
27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel. I am the Lord your God; there is no other. My people will never again be put to shame. 28 (3:1) “After all of this I will pour out my Spirit on all kinds of people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your elderly will have prophetic dreams; your young men will see visions. 29 Even on male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit in those days.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

LXX Joel 3:1

Septuagint
1 And afterward I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. 2 And on the servants and on the female servants in those days I will pour out of my Spirit.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Joel

References

“... YHWH declares, “I am your God” (2:27) and then continues by twice promising to pour out his Spirit (3:1, 2). The possessive “my” makes it clear that it is God’s Spirit that will be imparted. The Septuagint translates ʾet-rûḥî using a partitive genitive as if it were min-ʾet-rûḥî. However, the partitive min- is not found here in Joel. Nor is apo to be found in either Aquila or Symmachus. It is likely that the Septuagint translation could have been suggested by Numbers 11:17, 25 where YHWH takes min-hārûaḥ “of the Spirit” (Septuagint, apo tou pneumatos) that was on Moses and anoints the seventy elders. It is not likely that the translators of the Septuagint were making a considered theological statement that humanity only has some of the Spirit while the totality remains within the Godhead. ...”
Alan Keith Hodson, “The Outpouring of the Spirit, the Day of the LORD and the Accompanying ‘Signs’: An Exegetical Study of the Words of YHWH Recorded in Joel 3:1–4 (Eng. 2:28–31)” (MA diss., Regents Theological College, 2007), 13.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joel 2:28 and LXX Joel 3:1

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