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Job

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Truly, I know that this is so. But how can a human be just before God? 3 If someone wishes to contend with him, he cannot answer him one time in a thousand. 4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has resisted him and remained safe?⁠ 5 He who removes mountains suddenly, who overturns them in his anger,⁠ 6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens⁠ and treads on the waves of the sea.⁠ 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades,⁠ and the constellations of the southern sky;⁠ 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’⁠ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him. 15 Although I am innocent, I could not answer him; I could only plead with my judge for mercy. 16 If I summoned him and he answered me, I would not believe that he would be listening to my voice— 17 he who crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds for no reason. 18 He does not allow me to recover my breath, for he fills me with bitterness. 19 If it is a matter of strength, most certainly he is the strong one! And if it is a matter of justice, he will say, ‘Who will summon me?’ 20 Although I am innocent, my mouth would condemn me; although I am blameless, it would declare me perverse. 21 I am blameless. I do not know myself. I despise my life. 22 “It is all one! That is why I say, ‘He destroys the blameless and the guilty.’ 23 If a scourge brings sudden death, he mocks at the despair of the innocent. 24 If a land has been given into the hand of a wicked man, he covers the faces of its judges; if it is not he, then who is it? 25 “My days are swifter than a runner, they speed by without seeing happiness. 26 They glide by like reed boats, like an eagle that swoops down on its prey. 27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will change my expression and be cheerful,’ 28 I dread all my sufferings, for I know that you do not hold me blameless. 29 If I am guilty, why then weary myself in vain? 30 If I wash myself with snow-melt water and make my hands clean with lye, 31 then you plunge me into a slimy pit and my own clothes abhor me. 32 For he is not a human being like I am, that I might answer him, that we might come together in judgment. 33 Nor is there an arbiter between us, who might lay his hand on us both, 34 who would take his rod away from me so that his terror would not make me afraid. 35 Then would I speak and not fear him, but it is not so with me.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 22:8 and Job 9:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

2 Samuel 22 and Job 9 describe the foundation of the earth shaking, imagery based on ancient Near Eastern traditions of a three-tiered cosmos of heaven, earth, and underworld. In this, the earth rested above water, mirroring the structure of a temple.

Passages

2 Samuel 22:8

Hebrew Bible
6 The ropes of Sheol tightened around me; the snares of death trapped me. 7 In my distress I called to the Lord; I called to my God. From his heavenly temple he heard my voice; he listened to my cry for help. 8 The earth heaved and shook; the foundations of the sky trembled. They heaved because he was angry. 9 Smoke ascended from his nose; fire devoured as it came from his mouth; he hurled down fiery coals. 10 He made the sky sink as he descended; a thick cloud was under his feet.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

Job 9:6

Hebrew Bible
4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has resisted him and remained safe? 5 He who removes mountains suddenly, who overturns them in his anger, 6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... The unit on the ancient Semitic worldview provides one of the foundational units within the first semester course. The students are provided with a schematic drawing of the world and its various components are described. The idea is not that the students memorize all of the components on the chart, but rather that they gain an appreciation of the distance between the ancient Israelite view of the world and our own, even with reference to two of the most common nouns in the Bible ... The people of the ancient Semitic world viewed the world as consisting of three stories... heaven, earth, and underworld ... (Compare Job 9:6, 11:18; 17:16; 38:22; Psalm 135:7; 2 Samuel 22:8; Isaiah 24:18; Ezekiel 38:12; Genesis 7:11 ...) The architecture of the cosmos focuses on separating heaven from earth (not manufacturing either of them) and on earth’s emergence from the cosmic waters. In a functional ontology, the earth is seen as being suspended over the cosmic waters below, parallel to the heavens that are stretched out over the upper cosmic waters. Temples in the ancient Near East were designed to be models of the cosmos ..."
Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé and Jacobus A. Naudé, “Incorporating Ancient Israel's Worldview into the Teaching of Biblical Hebrew,” JSem 23.2 (2014): 599–614.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 22:8 and Job 9:6

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