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Job

About this book
Chapter 7

1 “Does not humanity have hard service on earth? Are not their days also like the days of a hired man? 2 Like a servant longing for the evening shadow, and like a hired man looking for his wages, 3 thus I have been made to inherit months of futility, and nights of sorrow have been appointed to me. 4 If I lie down, I say, ‘When will I arise?’ And the night stretches on, and I toss and turn restlessly until the day dawns. 5 My body is clothed with worms and dirty scabs; my skin is broken and festering. 6 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and they come to an end without hope. 7 Remember that my life is but a breath,⁠ that my eyes will never again see happiness. 8 The eye of him who sees me now will see me no more; your eyes will look for me, but I will be gone. 9 As a cloud is dispersed and then disappears, so the one who goes down to the grave does not come up again. 10 He returns no more to his house, nor does his place of residence know him anymore. 11 “Therefore, I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. 12 Am I the sea, or the creature of the deep, that you must put me under guard?⁠ 13 If I say, ‘My bed will comfort me, my couch will ease my complaint,’ 14 then you scare me with dreams and terrify me with visions, 15 so that I would prefer strangling and death more than life. 16 I loathe it; I do not want to live forever; leave me alone, for my days are a vapor! 17 “What is mankind that you make so much of them, and that you pay attention to them?⁠ 18 And that you visit them every morning, and try them every moment? 19 Will you never look away from me, will you not let me alone long enough to swallow my spittle? 20 If I have sinned—what have I done to you, O watcher of men? Why have you set me as your target? Have I become a burden to myself72?⁠ 21 And why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? For now I will lie down in the dust, and you will seek me diligently, but I will be gone.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 7:7 and James 4:14

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

James compares human life to a mist that appears briefly and then vanishes, using imagery that echoes Job, where life is described as a mere breath. James likely incorporates this language to position itself as a part of Israel's wisdom tradition.

Passages

Job 7:7

Hebrew Bible
6 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and they come to an end without hope. 7 Remember that my life is but a breath, that my eyes will never again see happiness. 8 The eye of him who sees me now will see me no more; your eyes will look for me, but I will be gone. 9 As a cloud is dispersed and then disappears, so the one who goes down to the grave does not come up again.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

James 4:14

New Testament
13 Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into this or that town and spend a year there and do business and make a profit.” 14 You do not know about tomorrow. What is your life like? For you are a puff of smoke that appears for a short time and then vanishes. 15 You ought to say instead, “If the Lord is willing, then we will live and do this or that.”
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... James now restates his point, perhaps knowing that some of his readers will have been confused by his ellipsis: 'What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' The question deals with the merchants' ignorance of what kind of life they may have: is it a long life? A profitable life? They do not know. Why? Because the life of a human being is 'a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' Once again, James's focus is the transitoriness of life, and he draws on a stock image — a mist or vapor in the sky that under the heat of the day dissipates and disappears. When Abraham looked down the plain toward Sodom, he saw a dense smoke, like 'smoke from a furnace' (Genesis 19:28). The sacrificial incense gave off a 'smoke' (Leviticus 16:13). But we are closer to James's sense of transitoriness with Hosea 13:3 and Wisdom 2:4-5 ... Acts 2:19 refers to portents in the sky, one of which is 'smoky mist.' (See also Job 7:7; Psalm 39:5-6; Wisdom 5:13; Sirach 11:19; 4 Ezra 4:24) Agrarian cultures watch the weather, and few things are as noticeable as vaporous clouds that bring no rain. These puffs of mist appear for a while and then disappear ..."
Scot McKnight, The Letter of James (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2011), 373.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 7:7 and James 4:14

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