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Job

About this book
Chapter 7

1 “Does not humanity have hard service on earth? Are not their days also like the days of a hired man? 2 Like a servant longing for the evening shadow, and like a hired man looking for his wages, 3 thus I have been made to inherit months of futility, and nights of sorrow have been appointed to me. 4 If I lie down, I say, ‘When will I arise?’ And the night stretches on, and I toss and turn restlessly until the day dawns. 5 My body is clothed with worms and dirty scabs; my skin is broken and festering. 6 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and they come to an end without hope. 7 Remember that my life is but a breath,⁠ that my eyes will never again see happiness. 8 The eye of him who sees me now will see me no more; your eyes will look for me, but I will be gone. 9 As a cloud is dispersed and then disappears, so the one who goes down to the grave does not come up again. 10 He returns no more to his house, nor does his place of residence know him anymore. 11 “Therefore, I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. 12 Am I the sea, or the creature of the deep, that you must put me under guard?⁠ 13 If I say, ‘My bed will comfort me, my couch will ease my complaint,’ 14 then you scare me with dreams and terrify me with visions, 15 so that I would prefer strangling and death more than life. 16 I loathe it; I do not want to live forever; leave me alone, for my days are a vapor! 17 “What is mankind that you make so much of them, and that you pay attention to them?⁠ 18 And that you visit them every morning, and try them every moment? 19 Will you never look away from me, will you not let me alone long enough to swallow my spittle? 20 If I have sinned—what have I done to you, O watcher of men? Why have you set me as your target? Have I become a burden to myself72?⁠ 21 And why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? For now I will lie down in the dust, and you will seek me diligently, but I will be gone.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 8:4 and Job 7:17

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Job’s language closely echoes Psalm 8, yet his tone reverses its meaning. Where the psalm marvels that humans are worthy of divine attention, Job turns the same phrasing toward lament, questioning why such attention brings suffering instead of honor.

Passages

Psalm 8:4

Hebrew Bible
2 From the mouths of children and nursing babies you have ordained praise on account of your adversaries, so that you might put an end to the vindictive enemy. 3 When I look up at the heavens, which your fingers made, and see the moon and the stars, which you set in place, 4 Of what importance is the human race, that you should notice them? Of what importance is mankind, that you should pay attention to them? 5 You made them a little less than the heavenly beings. You crowned mankind with honor and majesty. 6 you appoint them to rule over your creation; you have placed everything under their authority,
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Job 7:17

Hebrew Bible
15 so that I would prefer strangling and death more than life. 16 I loathe it; I do not want to live forever; leave me alone, for my days are a vapor! 17 “What is mankind that you make so much of them, and that you pay attention to them? 18 And that you visit them every morning, and try them every moment? 19 Will you never look away from me, will you not let me alone long enough to swallow my spittle?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... if the formula in Psalm 8:5 (“what is man that you should remember him, and the son of man that you should visit him”) would already have the sense of “accusation” and “punishment,” there is nothing in Job 7:17–18 to parody the viewpoint of Psalm 8:5. Following Coats’s view, Raymond van Leeuwen argues that the claim that Job 7:17–18 is a parody of Psalm 8:5 should be dismissed since the lexical formula is “stereotypical, with free variations” and should most likely be comprehended as “literary adaptations still standing close to a living, oral formula.” Then, one needs to consider the viewpoint of humanity in Job 7:17–18, which has more reasonable homogeneity with Psalm 144:3–4 than Psalm 8:5–7 ..."
JiSeong J. Kwon, “Not Parody, but Irony: Irony in the Book of Job,” in Irony in the Bible: Between Subversion and Innovation, ed. Tobias Häner, Virginia Miller, and Carolyn J. Sharp (Leiden: Brill, 2023), 114–131.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 8:4 and Job 7:17

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