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Job

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered: 2 “If someone should attempt a word with you, will you be impatient? But who can refrain from speaking? 3 Look, you have instructed many; you have strengthened feeble hands. 4 Your words have supported those who stumbled, and you have strengthened the knees that gave way. 5 But now the same thing comes to you, and you are discouraged; it strikes you, and you are terrified. 6 Is not your piety your confidence, and your blameless ways your hope? 7 Call to mind now: Who, being innocent, ever perished? And where were upright people ever destroyed? 8 Even as I have seen, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same. 9 By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of his anger they are consumed.⁠ 10 There is the roaring of the lion and the growling of the young lion, but the teeth of the young lions are broken. 11 The mighty lion perishes for lack of prey, and the cubs of the lioness are scattered. 12 “Now a word was stealthily brought to me, and my ear caught a whisper of it. 13 In the troubling thoughts of the dreams in the night when a deep sleep falls on men, 14 dread gripped me and trembling, which made all my bones shake. 15 Then a breath of air passes by my face; it makes the hair of my flesh stand up. 16 It stands still, but I cannot recognize its appearance; an image is before my eyes, and I hear a murmuring voice: 17 ‘Is a mortal man righteous before God? Or a man pure before his Creator? 18 If God puts no trust in his servants and attributes folly to his angels, 19 how much more to those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust,⁠ who are crushed like a moth? 20 They are destroyed between morning and evening; they perish forever without anyone regarding it. 21 Is not their excess wealth taken away from them? They die, yet without attaining wisdom.’⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 2:7 and Job 4:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes God forming man from the ground and breathing into him the breath of life. Job uses the same imagery of divine breath but inverts its meaning, presenting it as a force of destruction and the reversal of creation.

Passages

Genesis 2:7

Hebrew Bible
5 Now no shrub of the field had yet grown on the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprouted, for the Lord God had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground. 6 Springs would well up from the earth and water the whole surface of the ground. 7 The Lord God formed the man from the soil of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. 8 The Lord God planted an orchard in the east, in Eden; and there he placed the man he had formed. 9 The Lord God made all kinds of trees grow from the soil, every tree that was pleasing to look at and good for food. (Now the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil were in the middle of the orchard.)
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Job 4:9

Hebrew Bible
7 Call to mind now: Who, being innocent, ever perished? And where were upright people ever destroyed? 8 Even as I have seen, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same. 9 By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of his anger they are consumed. 10 There is the roaring of the lion and the growling of the young lion, but the teeth of the young lions are broken. 11 The mighty lion perishes for lack of prey, and the cubs of the lioness are scattered.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... Job 4:9 belongs to known textual traditions that adopt the expression ‘breath of God’ as an instrument of destruction. Of course, here we have to reckon with the possibility that the authors of Job 4:9 could also have had the other texts of the Hebrew Bible that use this expression in view. On the other hand, the following few observations may indicate that the authors of Job 4:9 deliberately employed - although with entirely different meaning - the widely used motif of God’s breath as a life-giving entity ... Significantly, this creation background is in view even in the texts where these terms are used to report God’s destructive power (Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 40:7; Hosea 13:15). It is noteworthy that Job 33:4 clearly relates the breath of God to human life as it shows the authors were probably aware of the narrative of the creation of man as presented in Genesis 2:7. The difficulty with this argument is that the speeches of Elihu (Job 32–37) are a later addition to the dialogue section of the book of Job, and therefore they cannot be accepted as evidence to support the case for the connection between Job 4:9 and Genesis 2:7. Helpful in this regard is that Job 33.4 is not the only instance in the book in which the breath of God is depicted in this manner: another example, i.e., Job 27:3, explicitly recalls the creation imagery similar to that represented in Genesis 2:7. These references strongly suggest that the authors of the book of Job were aware of the notion of God’s breath as a life-giving instrument ..."
Yasir Saleem, “‘For a Man Is Born to Suffer’: Intertextuality between Job 4–5 and Gen. 2.4b–3.24,” JSOT 46.3 (2022): 388–407.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 2:7 and Job 4:9

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