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Job

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered: 2 “If someone should attempt a word with you, will you be impatient? But who can refrain from speaking? 3 Look, you have instructed many; you have strengthened feeble hands. 4 Your words have supported those who stumbled, and you have strengthened the knees that gave way. 5 But now the same thing comes to you, and you are discouraged; it strikes you, and you are terrified. 6 Is not your piety your confidence, and your blameless ways your hope? 7 Call to mind now: Who, being innocent, ever perished? And where were upright people ever destroyed? 8 Even as I have seen, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same. 9 By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of his anger they are consumed.⁠ 10 There is the roaring of the lion and the growling of the young lion, but the teeth of the young lions are broken. 11 The mighty lion perishes for lack of prey, and the cubs of the lioness are scattered. 12 “Now a word was stealthily brought to me, and my ear caught a whisper of it. 13 In the troubling thoughts of the dreams in the night when a deep sleep falls on men, 14 dread gripped me and trembling, which made all my bones shake. 15 Then a breath of air passes by my face; it makes the hair of my flesh stand up. 16 It stands still, but I cannot recognize its appearance; an image is before my eyes, and I hear a murmuring voice: 17 ‘Is a mortal man righteous before God? Or a man pure before his Creator? 18 If God puts no trust in his servants and attributes folly to his angels, 19 how much more to those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust,⁠ who are crushed like a moth? 20 They are destroyed between morning and evening; they perish forever without anyone regarding it. 21 Is not their excess wealth taken away from them? They die, yet without attaining wisdom.’⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 3:19 and Job 4:19

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis declares that people will return to the dust, a reminder of their origin and mortality. Job echoes this by describing people who dwell in houses of clay and are crushed into dust, using the same language from Genesis.

Passages

Genesis 3:19

Hebrew Bible
17 But to Adam he said, “Because you obeyed the voice of52 your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; in painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. 18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you, but you will eat the grass of the field. 19 By the sweat of your brow you will eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you will return.” 20 The man named his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all the living. 21 The Lord God made garments from skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Job 4:19

Hebrew Bible
17 ‘Is a mortal man righteous before God? Or a man pure before his Creator? 18 If God puts no trust in his servants and attributes folly to his angels, 19 how much more to those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed like a moth? 20 They are destroyed between morning and evening; they perish forever without anyone regarding it. 21 Is not their excess wealth taken away from them? They die, yet without attaining wisdom.’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... Although there are a few indications that corroborate the claim for a relationship between Genesis 2:7, Genesis 3:19, and Job 4:19, the notion of a twofold reference in Job 4:19 to Genesis 2:7 and 3:19 seems speculative. On the other hand, assuming that such sophisticated literary artistry was beyond the authors of the book of Job may not be safe. Decisive, in this case, is a similar instance of a double intertextual reference to Genesis 2:7 and Genesis 3:24 in Job 10:9: ‘Remember that you fashioned me like clay; and will you turn me to dust again?’. Considering the use of the verb שוב “return” in addition to עפר “dust” in both Job 10:9 and Genesis 3:19, the linguistic interrelation between these texts is very strong. This shows that the authors of the book of Job were not only aware of Genesis 2:7 and Genesis 3:19 but also conflated them in a twofold intertextual reference in a text other than Job 4:19. These observations lead to the conclusion that the reference in Job 4:19 to Genesis 2:7 and 3:19 is intentional and therefore can be interpreted as an allusion ..."
Yasir Saleem, “‘For a Man Is Born to Suffer’: Intertextuality between Job 4–5 and Gen. 2.4b–3.24,” JSOT 46.3 (2022): 388–407.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 3:19 and Job 4:19

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