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Job

About this book
Chapter 38

1 Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind:⁠ 2 “Who is this who darkens counsel with words without knowledge?⁠ 3 Get ready for a difficult task like a man; I will question you, and you will inform me.⁠ 4 “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?⁠ Tell me, if you possess understanding.⁠ 5 Who set its measurements—if you know—or who stretched a measuring line across it? 6 On what were its bases set, or who laid its cornerstone— 7 when the morning stars sang in chorus, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?⁠ 8 “Who shut up the sea with doors when it burst forth, coming out of the womb,⁠ 9 when I made the storm clouds its garment and thick darkness its swaddling band, 10 when I prescribed its limits and set in place its bolts and doors, 11 when I said, ‘To here you may come and no farther, here your proud waves will be confined’? 12 Have you ever in your life commanded the morning, or made the dawn know its place, 13 that it might seize the corners of the earth and shake the wicked out of it? 14 The earth takes shape like clay under a seal; its features are dyed like a garment. 15 Then from the wicked the light is withheld, and the arm raised in violence is broken. 16 Have you gone to the springs that fill the sea or walked about in the recesses of the deep? 17 Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Have you seen the gates of deepest darkness?⁠ 18 Have you considered the vast expanses of the earth? Tell me, if you know it all. 19 “In what direction does light reside, and darkness, where is its place, 20 that you may take them to their borders and perceive the pathways to their homes? 21 You know, for you were born before them; and the number of your days is great! 22 Have you entered the storehouse of the snow or seen the armory of the hail,⁠ 23 which I reserve for the time of trouble, for the day of war and battle? 24 In what direction is lightning dispersed, or the east winds scattered over the earth? 25 Who carves out a channel for the heavy rains and a path for the rumble of thunder, 26 to cause it to rain on an uninhabited land, a wilderness where there are no human beings, 27 to satisfy a devastated and desolate land, and to cause it to sprout with vegetation? 28 Does the rain have a father, or who has fathered the drops of the dew? 29 From whose womb does the ice emerge, and the frost from the sky, who gives birth to it, 30 when the waters become hard like stone, when the surface of the deep is frozen solid? 31 Can you tie the bands of the Pleiades⁠ or release the cords of Orion?⁠ 32 Can you lead out the constellations in their seasons or guide the Bear with its cubs?⁠ 33 Do you know the laws of the heavens, or can you set up their rule over the earth? 34 Can you raise your voice to the clouds so that a flood of water covers you? 35 Can you send out lightning bolts, and they go? Will they say to you, ‘Here we are’? 36 Who has put wisdom in the heart or has imparted understanding to the mind? 37 Who by wisdom can count the clouds, and who can tip over the water jars of heaven, 38 when the dust hardens into a mass, and the clumps of earth stick together?⁠ 39 “Do you hunt prey for the lioness and satisfy the appetite of the lions 40 when they crouch in their dens, when they wait in ambush in the thicket? 41 Who prepares prey for the raven, when its young cry out to God and wander about for lack of food?

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 38:7 and LXX Deuteronomy 32:43

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

The Greek Septuagint translation of Deuteronomy 32 includes references to heavenly beings joining in praise, which is not found in the Hebrew Masoretic text. The Septuagint version matches Job 38, where “sons of God” also celebrate God's acts.

Passages

Job 38:7

Hebrew Bible
5 Who set its measurements—if you know—or who stretched a measuring line across it? 6 On what were its bases set, or who laid its cornerstone— 7 when the morning stars sang in chorus, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? 8 “Who shut up the sea with doors when it burst forth, coming out of the womb, 9 when I made the storm clouds its garment and thick darkness its swaddling band,
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

LXX Deuteronomy 32:43

Septuagint
41 For I will sharpen my sword like lightning, and my hand shall take hold of judgment; and I will render judgment to my enemies, and will repay those who hate me. 42 I will make my weapons drunk with blood, and my sword shall devour flesh, it shall glut itself with the blood of the wounded, and from the captivity of the heads of their enemies that rule over them. 43 Rejoice, you heavens, with him, and let all the sons of God worship him; rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people, and let all the angels of God strengthen themselves in him; for he will avenge the blood of his sons, and he will render vengeance, and repay justly his enemies, and will reward those who hate him; and the Lord shall purge the land of his people.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

References

"... perhaps even more damaging to the proposed parablepsis explanation that an original 'sons of Israel' was unintentionally corrupted to 'sons of God' in Deuteronomy 32:8, is that there exists another text-critical problem in Deuteronomy 32 in which divine beings - are the focus (verse 43) Deuteronomy 32:43 reads differently in the MT, the LXX, and a Qumran text. Tigay has the three texts laid out in parallel in his commentary on Deuteronomy ... Tigay asserts that the Masoretic text here is demonstrably incomplete when the structure of the text is analyzed and the resulting minuses are assessed. It is significant that the MT lacks a parallel colon in what should be the first pairing (or double pairing if one follows the LXX). Even more striking is the fact that this missing colon is the one in which reference is made to divine beings in the Qumran and LXX texts. In the Qumran and LXX texts, every colon has its partner. This argues strongly that the MT originally had a pairing of colons (a bicolon), a pairing that was deliberately eliminated to avoid the reference to other 'divine beings' ..."
Michael S. Hesier, “Deuteronomy 32:8 and the Sons of God,” BSac 158 (2001): 52–74.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 38:7 and LXX Deuteronomy 32:43

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