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Job

About this book
Chapter 38

1 Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind:⁠ 2 “Who is this who darkens counsel with words without knowledge?⁠ 3 Get ready for a difficult task like a man; I will question you, and you will inform me.⁠ 4 “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?⁠ Tell me, if you possess understanding.⁠ 5 Who set its measurements—if you know—or who stretched a measuring line across it? 6 On what were its bases set, or who laid its cornerstone— 7 when the morning stars sang in chorus, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?⁠ 8 “Who shut up the sea with doors when it burst forth, coming out of the womb,⁠ 9 when I made the storm clouds its garment and thick darkness its swaddling band, 10 when I prescribed its limits and set in place its bolts and doors, 11 when I said, ‘To here you may come and no farther, here your proud waves will be confined’? 12 Have you ever in your life commanded the morning, or made the dawn know its place, 13 that it might seize the corners of the earth and shake the wicked out of it? 14 The earth takes shape like clay under a seal; its features are dyed like a garment. 15 Then from the wicked the light is withheld, and the arm raised in violence is broken. 16 Have you gone to the springs that fill the sea or walked about in the recesses of the deep? 17 Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Have you seen the gates of deepest darkness?⁠ 18 Have you considered the vast expanses of the earth? Tell me, if you know it all. 19 “In what direction does light reside, and darkness, where is its place, 20 that you may take them to their borders and perceive the pathways to their homes? 21 You know, for you were born before them; and the number of your days is great! 22 Have you entered the storehouse of the snow or seen the armory of the hail,⁠ 23 which I reserve for the time of trouble, for the day of war and battle? 24 In what direction is lightning dispersed, or the east winds scattered over the earth? 25 Who carves out a channel for the heavy rains and a path for the rumble of thunder, 26 to cause it to rain on an uninhabited land, a wilderness where there are no human beings, 27 to satisfy a devastated and desolate land, and to cause it to sprout with vegetation? 28 Does the rain have a father, or who has fathered the drops of the dew? 29 From whose womb does the ice emerge, and the frost from the sky, who gives birth to it, 30 when the waters become hard like stone, when the surface of the deep is frozen solid? 31 Can you tie the bands of the Pleiades⁠ or release the cords of Orion?⁠ 32 Can you lead out the constellations in their seasons or guide the Bear with its cubs?⁠ 33 Do you know the laws of the heavens, or can you set up their rule over the earth? 34 Can you raise your voice to the clouds so that a flood of water covers you? 35 Can you send out lightning bolts, and they go? Will they say to you, ‘Here we are’? 36 Who has put wisdom in the heart or has imparted understanding to the mind? 37 Who by wisdom can count the clouds, and who can tip over the water jars of heaven, 38 when the dust hardens into a mass, and the clumps of earth stick together?⁠ 39 “Do you hunt prey for the lioness and satisfy the appetite of the lions 40 when they crouch in their dens, when they wait in ambush in the thicket? 41 Who prepares prey for the raven, when its young cry out to God and wander about for lack of food?

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 38:22 and 1 Enoch 34:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Job, God asks whether Job has entered the storehouse of the snow or the armory of the hail, a challenge Job cannot answer. In 1 Enoch, Enoch is given that tour, showing him the northern gates that release the snow and hail.

Passages

Job 38:22

Hebrew Bible
21 You know, for you were born before them; and the number of your days is great! 22 Have you entered the storehouse of the snow or seen the armory of the hail, 23 which I reserve for the time of trouble, for the day of war and battle? 24 In what direction is lightning dispersed, or the east winds scattered over the earth? 25 Who carves out a channel for the heavy rains and a path for the rumble of thunder, 26 to cause it to rain on an uninhabited land, a wilderness where there are no human beings, 27 to satisfy a devastated and desolate land, and to cause it to sprout with vegetation?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

1 Enoch 34:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And from there I went towards the north to the ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and glorious device at the ends of the whole earth. 2 And here I saw three portals of heaven open in the sky: through each of them north winds blow: when they blow, there is cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain. 3 And from one portal they blow for good: but when they blow through the other two portals, it is with violence and affliction on the earth, and they blow with violence.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

... Going beyond this, it is possible that there is a specific connection with Job 38, and that a contrast is intended between Job's lack of knowledge and the knowledge that Enoch possesses. Whereas Job cannot answer the string of rhetorical questions that are addressed to him about the elements of creation, in 1 Enoch 60:11-23 Enoch claims to have been shown what is secret in heaven and under the earth and describes the working of many of the phenomena that are listed in Job 38. Similarly, in 1 Enoch 71:4 Enoch claims to have been shown "all the secrets of the ends of heaven and all the storehouses of all the stars and all the lights." Enoch is presented here as having access to knowledge of the heavenly world that, according to Job 38, was denied to Job and, by implication, is inaccessible to other men. This serves to bolster the claim to authority for the revelation given by Enoch, but it does not fully explain why the material concerned with the workings of the cosmos was included in the Book of Parables and in other Enochic writings. ...
Michael A. Knibb, “Enoch and Wisdom: Reflections on the Character of the Book of Parables,” in Congress Volume Helsinki 2010, ed. Martti Nissinen, VTSup 148 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 268–269.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 38:22 and 1 Enoch 34:2

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