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Job

About this book
Chapter 33

1 “But now, O Job, listen to my words, and hear everything I have to say. 2 See now, I have opened my mouth; my tongue in my mouth has spoken. 3 My words come from the uprightness of my heart, and my lips will utter knowledge sincerely. 4 The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. 5 Reply to me, if you can; set your arguments in order before me and take your stand. 6 Look, I am just like you in relation to God; I too have been molded from clay.⁠ 7 Therefore no fear of me should terrify you, nor should my pressure be heavy on you. 8 “Indeed, you have said in my hearing (I heard the sound of the words!): 9 ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am clean and have no iniquity. 10 Yet God finds occasions with me; he regards me as his enemy. 11 He puts my feet in shackles; he watches closely all my paths.’ 12 Now in this, you are not right—I answer you, for God is greater than a human being. 13 Why do you contend against him, that he does not answer all a person’s words?⁠ 14 “For God speaks, the first time in one way, the second time in another, though a person does not perceive it. 15 In a dream, a night vision, when deep sleep falls on people as they sleep in their beds, 16 then he gives a revelation to people and terrifies them with warnings, 17 to turn a person from his sin, and to cover a person’s pride. 18 He spares a person’s life from corruption, his very life from crossing over the river. 19 Or a person is chastened by pain on his bed and with the continual strife of his bones, 20 so that his life loathes food and his soul rejects appetizing fare. 21 His flesh wastes away from sight, and his bones, which were not seen, are easily visible. 22 He draws near to the place of corruption, and his life to the messengers of death. 23 If there is an angel beside him, one mediator out of a thousand, to tell a person what constitutes his uprightness, 24 and if God is gracious to him and says, ‘Spare him from going down to the place of corruption, I have found a ransom for him,’ 25 then his flesh is restored like a youth’s; he returns to the days of his youthful vigor. 26 He entreats God, and God delights in him; he sees God’s face with rejoicing, and God restores to him his righteousness. 27 That person sings to others, saying: ‘I have sinned and falsified what is right, but I was not punished according to what I deserved. 28 He redeemed my life from going down to the place of corruption, and my life sees the light!’ 29 “Indeed, God does all these things, twice, three times, in his dealings with a person, 30 to turn back his life from the place of corruption, that he may be enlightened with the light of life. 31 Pay attention, Job—listen to me; be silent, and I will speak. 32 If you have any words, reply to me; speak, for I want to justify you. 33 If not, you listen to me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.16 V:29 and Job 33:6

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Job 33, Elihu uses the same clay-shaping language as El's creation of a healer in the Legend of Kirta, making their common origin a reason Job need not fear him.

Passages

KTU 1.16 V:29

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
None among the gods an[swers him]. He says a sixth, a seventh time: "[Who] among the gods can remove the illness, driving out the disease?" None among the gods answers him. Then spoke the Kindly One, El Benignant: "Remain seated, my sons, upon your seat[s], upon yo[ur] thrones of princeship. I will apply sorcery and will surely bring about the removal of the illness, driving out the disease. With clay [his hand] he fills, with good clay [ ]. He moulds . . . . . . . [ ] . . . . [ ] dragon [ ] dragon [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] . . . . [ ] . . . . [ ] a cup [he takes in his hand] a flagon [in both his hands]: "Do, Sha['taqat ]
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Job 33:6

Hebrew Bible
1 “But now, O Job, listen to my words, and hear everything I have to say. 2 See now, I have opened my mouth; my tongue in my mouth has spoken. 3 My words come from the uprightness of my heart, and my lips will utter knowledge sincerely. 4 The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. 5 Reply to me, if you can; set your arguments in order before me and take your stand. 6 Look, I am just like you in relation to God; I too have been molded from clay. 7 Therefore no fear of me should terrify you, nor should my pressure be heavy on you. 8 “Indeed, you have said in my hearing (I heard the sound of the words!): 9 ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am clean and have no iniquity.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

“... One text (KTU 1.16.5.25–​41) does mention how ʾIlu magically creates an exorcist named Shaʿtiqatu by “pinching off clay” (rt + yqrṣ), an expression used elsewhere of Enki’s and Yahweh’s creation of humanity. ...” “... The biblical references for this famous motif are Genesis 2:7 and Job 10:9; 33:6, with Job 33:6 (qoraṣtî) using the same cognate verb as in KTU 1.16.5.29 (yqrṣ) and as in the Akkadian phraseology of “pinching off” or “nipping” of the clay (karāṣu + ṭiddu/​ ṭīdu) to make humans. For the numerous Akkadian texts, as well as how ʾIlu (like Enki) also uses magic to create the exorcist Shaʿtiqatu, see Lewis 2013a, 2014a. ...”
Theodore J. Lewis, The Origin and Character of God: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 77, 719.

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KTU 1.16 V:29 and Job 33:6

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