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Job

About this book
Chapter 33

1 “But now, O Job, listen to my words, and hear everything I have to say. 2 See now, I have opened my mouth; my tongue in my mouth has spoken. 3 My words come from the uprightness of my heart, and my lips will utter knowledge sincerely. 4 The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. 5 Reply to me, if you can; set your arguments in order before me and take your stand. 6 Look, I am just like you in relation to God; I too have been molded from clay.⁠ 7 Therefore no fear of me should terrify you, nor should my pressure be heavy on you. 8 “Indeed, you have said in my hearing (I heard the sound of the words!): 9 ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am clean and have no iniquity. 10 Yet God finds occasions with me; he regards me as his enemy. 11 He puts my feet in shackles; he watches closely all my paths.’ 12 Now in this, you are not right—I answer you, for God is greater than a human being. 13 Why do you contend against him, that he does not answer all a person’s words?⁠ 14 “For God speaks, the first time in one way, the second time in another, though a person does not perceive it. 15 In a dream, a night vision, when deep sleep falls on people as they sleep in their beds, 16 then he gives a revelation to people and terrifies them with warnings, 17 to turn a person from his sin, and to cover a person’s pride. 18 He spares a person’s life from corruption, his very life from crossing over the river. 19 Or a person is chastened by pain on his bed and with the continual strife of his bones, 20 so that his life loathes food and his soul rejects appetizing fare. 21 His flesh wastes away from sight, and his bones, which were not seen, are easily visible. 22 He draws near to the place of corruption, and his life to the messengers of death. 23 If there is an angel beside him, one mediator out of a thousand, to tell a person what constitutes his uprightness, 24 and if God is gracious to him and says, ‘Spare him from going down to the place of corruption, I have found a ransom for him,’ 25 then his flesh is restored like a youth’s; he returns to the days of his youthful vigor. 26 He entreats God, and God delights in him; he sees God’s face with rejoicing, and God restores to him his righteousness. 27 That person sings to others, saying: ‘I have sinned and falsified what is right, but I was not punished according to what I deserved. 28 He redeemed my life from going down to the place of corruption, and my life sees the light!’ 29 “Indeed, God does all these things, twice, three times, in his dealings with a person, 30 to turn back his life from the place of corruption, that he may be enlightened with the light of life. 31 Pay attention, Job—listen to me; be silent, and I will speak. 32 If you have any words, reply to me; speak, for I want to justify you. 33 If not, you listen to me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 33:13 and Romans 9:20

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Romans 9, Paul echoes language from Job, which discourages arguing with God. Job puts human limits in grasping divine action on full display, and Paul uses the same idea to argue that God is free to extend redemption to both Jew and Gentile.

Passages

Job 33:13

Hebrew Bible
11 He puts my feet in shackles; he watches closely all my paths.’ 12 Now in this, you are not right—I answer you, for God is greater than a human being. 13 Why do you contend against him, that he does not answer all a person’s words? 14 “For God speaks, the first time in one way, the second time in another, though a person does not perceive it. 15 In a dream, a night vision, when deep sleep falls on people as they sleep in their beds,
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Romans 9:20

New Testament
18 So then, God has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden. 19 You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who has ever resisted his will?” 20 But who indeed are you—a mere human being—to talk back to God? Does what is molded say to the molder, “Why have you made me like this?” 21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use? 22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects of wrath prepared for destruction?
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... The theme of God’s impartiality in Romans 2 also stands in the background of the question in verse 19, and the vocative address ὦ ἄνθρωπε (“Oh man”) in the reply echoes Romans 2:1, while the “vocabulary of wrath and power and patience and glory” calls back not only to 1:18–32 but also to 2:4–11. The rebuke of Romans 9:20 evokes numerous potter-clay analogies in biblical and other early Jewish literature, especially recalling Isaiah 29:16 / 45:9, Job 9:12 / 33:13, and Daniel 4:35, and the image of a potter making different kinds of vessels from the same clay (9:21) borrows heavily from Wisdom of Solomon 15:7–8 ..."
Jason A. Staples, “Vessels of Wrath and God’s Pathos: Potter/Clay Imagery in Rom 9:20–23,” HTR 115.2 (2022): 1–22.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 33:13 and Romans 9:20

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