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Job

About this book
Chapter 32

1 So these three men refused to answer Job further, because he was righteous in his own eyes. 2 Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry. He was angry with Job for justifying himself rather than God. 3 With Job’s three friends he was also angry because they could not find an answer, and so declared Job guilty.⁠ 4 Now Elihu had waited before speaking to Job because the others were older than he was. 5 But when Elihu saw that the three men had no further reply, he became very angry. 6 So Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite spoke up: “I am young, but you are elderly; that is why I was fearful and afraid to explain to you what I know. 7 I said to myself, ‘Age should speak, and length of years should make wisdom known.’ 8 But it is a spirit in people, the breath of the Almighty, that makes them understand. 9 It is not the aged who are wise, nor old men who understand what is right. 10 Therefore I say, ‘Listen to me. I, even I, will explain what I know.’ 11 Look, I waited for you to speak; I listened closely to your wise thoughts, while you were searching for words. 12 Now I was paying you close attention, yet there was no one proving Job wrong, not one of you was answering his statements. 13 So do not say, ‘We have found wisdom. God will refute him, not man.’ 14 Job has not directed his words to me, and so I will not reply to him with your arguments. 15 “They are dismayed and cannot answer anymore; they have nothing left to say. 16 And I have waited. But because they do not speak, because they stand there and answer no more, 17 I too will answer my part; I too will explain what I know. 18 For I am full of words, and the spirit within me constrains me.⁠ 19 Inside I am like wine that has no outlet, like new wineskins ready to burst!⁠ 20 I will speak, so that I may find relief; I will open my lips, so that I may answer. 21 I will not show partiality to any person,⁠ nor will I confer a title on anyone. 22 For I do not know how to give honorary titles; if I did, my Creator would quickly do away with me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 10:17 and Job 32:21

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Job 32 echoes Deuteronomy 10 in its declaration to not show partiality. Both texts emphasize justice as a core value in the Hebrew Bible, applying the same language of impartiality to divine and human judgment.

Passages

Deuteronomy 10:17

Hebrew Bible
15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Job 32:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Inside I am like wine that has no outlet, like new wineskins ready to burst! 20 I will speak, so that I may find relief; I will open my lips, so that I may answer. 21 I will not show partiality to any person, nor will I confer a title on anyone. 22 For I do not know how to give honorary titles; if I did, my Creator would quickly do away with me.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... In Jubilees 21:4c, the impartiality of God is expressed with the words (“lift up face”) with a negation (waʾalbo), and it is put in parallelism with not accepting bribes (naśiʾ ḥəlyān). In the Old Testament, the expression (“lift up face”), without negation, is mostly used in a positive sense for “to grant; to be kind; have consideration for” (see Genesis 19:21; 32:21; Numbers 6:26; Deuteronomy 28:50; 1 Samuel 25:35; 2 Kings 3:14; Malachi 1:8–9; Job 32:21; 42:8, 9; Lamentations 4:16). a few times, however, the expression has a negative sense, “unjust partiality” (Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:17; Malachi 2:9; Job 13:8, 10; Proverbs 18:5; 2 Chronicles 19:7). In those cases, a negation is used. As in Jubilees 21:4, both in Deuteronomy 10:17 and in 2 Chr 19:7 the expression is not only used with a negation, but it is also placed in parallelism with accepting bribes. Moreover, it is said in relation to the impartiality of God ..."
Jacques T. A. G. M. van Ruiten, Abraham in the Book of Jubilees: The Rewriting of Genesis 11:26–25:10 in the Book of Jubilees 11:14–23:8, JSJSup 161 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 280.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 10:17 and Job 32:21

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