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Job

About this book
Chapter 3

1 After this Job opened his mouth and cursed the day he was born.⁠ 2 Job spoke up and said: 3 “Let the day on which I was born perish, and the night that said, ‘A man has been conceived!’⁠ 4 That day—let it be darkness; let not God on high regard it, nor let light shine on it!⁠ 5 Let darkness and the deepest shadow claim it; let a cloud settle on it; let whatever blackens the day terrify it. 6 That night—let darkness seize it; let it not be included among the days of the year; let it not enter among the number of the months! 7 Indeed, let that night be barren; let no shout of joy penetrate it! 8 Let those who curse the day curse it—those who are prepared to rouse Leviathan.⁠ 9 Let its morning stars be darkened; let it wait for daylight but find none, nor let it see the first rays of dawn, 10 because it did not shut the doors of my mother’s womb on me, nor did it hide trouble from my eyes. 11 “Why did I not die at birth, and why did I not expire as I came out of the womb? 12 Why did the knees welcome me, and why were there two breasts that I might nurse at them? 13 For now I would be lying down and would be quiet, I would be asleep and then at peace 14 with kings and counselors of the earth who built for themselves places now desolate, 15 or with princes who possessed gold, who filled their palaces with silver. 16 Or why was I not buried like a stillborn infant, like infants who have never seen the light?⁠ 17 There the wicked cease from turmoil, and there the weary are at rest. 18 There the prisoners relax together; they do not hear the voice of the oppressor. 19 Small and great are there, and the slave is free from his master. 20 “Why does God give light to one who is in misery, and life to those whose soul is bitter, 21 to those who wait for death that does not come, and search for it more than for hidden treasures,⁠ 22 who rejoice even to jubilation, and are exultant when they find the grave? 23 Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, and whom God has hedged in? 24 For my sighing comes in place of my food, and my groanings flow forth like water. 25 For the very thing I dreaded has happened to me, and what I feared has come upon me. 26 I have no ease; I have no quietness; I cannot rest; turmoil has come upon me.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.5 I:1 and Job 3:8

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Job 3, Job's curse invokes the Leviathan known as Baal's enemy in the Baal Cycle, turning a complaint about his birth into a call for a dangerous power to return.

Passages

KTU 1.5 I:1

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Though you struck Litan the wriggling serpent, finished off the writhing serpent, Encircler-with-seven-heads, the skies will be hot, they will shine when I tear you in pieces: I shall devour you, elbows, blood and forearms; You will indeed go down into the throat of divine Mot (death), into the maw of the Beloved of El, the hero. The gods departed and did not stay. Then they set their faces towards the lord of the heights of Sapan, and Gupan and Ugar said: Message of divine Mot (death), word of the Beloved of El, the hero: My appetite is the appetite of the lion in the wasteland as the desire of the shark is in the sea; as wild bulls yearn for pools, or the hind longs for the spring. Look, in truth does my throat devour clay and with both my hands I devour them.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Job 3:8

Hebrew Bible
5 Let darkness and the deepest shadow claim it; let a cloud settle on it; let whatever blackens the day terrify it. 6 That night—let darkness seize it; let it not be included among the days of the year; let it not enter among the number of the months! 7 Indeed, let that night be barren; let no shout of joy penetrate it! 8 Let those who curse the day curse it—those who are prepared to rouse Leviathan. 9 Let its morning stars be darkened; let it wait for daylight but find none, nor let it see the first rays of dawn, 10 because it did not shut the doors of my mother’s womb on me, nor did it hide trouble from my eyes. 11 “Why did I not die at birth, and why did I not expire as I came out of the womb?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

“... Second, just as these cosmic enemies are mentioned as Baal’s or Anat’s old enemies, they are known in Israelite tradition as enemies of Yahweh, the warrior god. [...] Third, biblical texts attest to the cosmic forces as the chief-god’s domesticated beasts. The book of Job knows these cosmic enemies both as human foes and divine playthings. So Job himself expresses the understanding of these figures as hostile powers, when he complains against God: “Am I Sea or Tannin that You set a watch over me?” (Job 7:12; see the reference to Leviathan in Job 3:8 and the mention of the Sea and the serpent in 26:13). ...”
Mark S. Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 36.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.5 I:1 and Job 3:8

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