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Job

About this book
Chapter 29

1 Then Job continued his speech: 2 “O that I could be as I was in the months now gone, in the days when God watched over me, 3 when he caused his lamp to shine upon my head, and by his light I walked through darkness;⁠ 4 just as I was in my most productive time, when God’s intimate friendship was experienced in my tent, 5 when the Almighty was still with me and my children were around me; 6 when my steps were bathed with butter and the rock poured out for me streams of olive oil!⁠ 7 When I went out to the city gate and secured my seat in the public square, 8 the young men would see me and step aside, and the old men would get up and remain standing; 9 the chief men refrained from talking and covered their mouths with their hands;⁠ 10 the voices of the nobles fell silent, and their tongues stuck to the roof of their mouths. 11 “As soon as the ear heard these things, it blessed me, and when the eye saw them, it bore witness to me; 12 for I rescued the poor who cried out for help, and the orphan who had no one to assist him;⁠ 13 the blessing of the dying man descended on me, and I made the widow’s heart rejoice; 14 I put on righteousness and it clothed me; my just dealing was like a robe and a turban; 15 I was eyes for the blind and feet for the lame; 16 I was a father to the needy, and I investigated the case of the person I did not know; 17 I broke the fangs of the wicked, and made him drop his prey from his teeth. 18 “Then I thought, ‘I will die in my own home, my days as numerous as the grains of sand.⁠ 19 My roots reach the water, and the dew lies on my branches all night long. 20 My glory will always be fresh in me, and my bow ever new in my hand.’ 21 “People listened to me and waited silently; they kept silent for my advice. 22 After I had spoken, they did not respond; my words fell on them drop by drop. 23 They waited for me as people wait for the rain, and they opened their mouths as for the spring rains. 24 If I smiled at them, they hardly believed it; and they did not cause the light of my face to darken. 25 I chose the way for them and sat as their chief; I lived like a king among his troops; I was like one who comforts mourners.

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Compare Job 29:18 and Sanhedrin 108b

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition in tractate Sanhedrin interprets Job 29 as referring to the mythical phoenix, the bird in Greek and Roman tradition that is reborn from its own remains. It explains this long life with a story where Noah blesses the bird to never die.

Passages

Job 29:18

Hebrew Bible
14 I put on righteousness and it clothed me; my just dealing was like a robe and a turban; 15 I was eyes for the blind and feet for the lame; 16 I was a father to the needy, and I investigated the case of the person I did not know; 17 I broke the fangs of the wicked, and made him drop his prey from his teeth. 18 “Then I thought, ‘I will die in my own home, my days as numerous as the grains of sand. 19 My roots reach the water, and the dew lies on my branches all night long. 20 My glory will always be fresh in me, and my bow ever new in my hand.’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Sanhedrin 108b

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
With regard to the lion, a fever sustained it, since when it suffered from a fever, it did not need to eat; as Rav said: For no fewer than six days and no more than twelve days, fever sustains a person; he need not eat and is sustained from his own fats. Shem continued: With regard to the phoenix [avarshina], my father found it lying in its compartment on the side of the ark. He said to the bird: Do you not want food? The bird said to him: I saw that you were busy, and I said I would not trouble you by requesting food. Noah said to the bird: May it be God’s will that you shall not die, and through that bird the verse was fulfilled, as it is stated: “And I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my days as the phoenix” (Job 29:18).
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sanhedrin

References

“... 3.1. Bird of Resurrection. Rabbinic sources clearly distinguish between the two phenomena, consistently using different names for the Gigantic Bird, on the one hand, and, on the other, for the immortal or resurrecting bird known as Hol (Gen. Rab. 19.5 referring to Job 29:18; the same must have been a tradition underlying LXX Job 29:19; Tan. Intr. 155; Midr. Sam. 12.81), Urshina (b. Sanh. 108b) or Malham/Maltam (2 Alphabet Ben Sira 27a–29b; Bet HaMidr. 6.12). [...] In distinction to Phoenix of 3 Baruch and the Gigantic Bird of Rabbinic tradition, these birds are not gargantuan at all: Father [Noah] found Urshina lying in the back of the ark. He asked it, “Do you not want any food?” It replied, “I saw that you were very busy and I did not want to burden you.” He [Noah] said, “May it be his will that you may never die, as it is written, “I thought I shall die with my nest and multiply my days as Hol [Heb חול “sand”; Job 29:18].” (b. Sanh. 108b) This accords with the Greek phoenix that is “like an eagle in shape and bigness” (Herodotus, Hist. 2.73) ...”
Alexander Kulik, Baruch: Greek-Slavonic Apocalypse of Baruch (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010), 240.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 29:18 and Sanhedrin 108b

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