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Job

About this book
Chapter 29

1 Then Job continued his speech: 2 “O that I could be as I was in the months now gone, in the days when God watched over me, 3 when he caused his lamp to shine upon my head, and by his light I walked through darkness;⁠ 4 just as I was in my most productive time, when God’s intimate friendship was experienced in my tent, 5 when the Almighty was still with me and my children were around me; 6 when my steps were bathed with butter and the rock poured out for me streams of olive oil!⁠ 7 When I went out to the city gate and secured my seat in the public square, 8 the young men would see me and step aside, and the old men would get up and remain standing; 9 the chief men refrained from talking and covered their mouths with their hands;⁠ 10 the voices of the nobles fell silent, and their tongues stuck to the roof of their mouths. 11 “As soon as the ear heard these things, it blessed me, and when the eye saw them, it bore witness to me; 12 for I rescued the poor who cried out for help, and the orphan who had no one to assist him;⁠ 13 the blessing of the dying man descended on me, and I made the widow’s heart rejoice; 14 I put on righteousness and it clothed me; my just dealing was like a robe and a turban; 15 I was eyes for the blind and feet for the lame; 16 I was a father to the needy, and I investigated the case of the person I did not know; 17 I broke the fangs of the wicked, and made him drop his prey from his teeth. 18 “Then I thought, ‘I will die in my own home, my days as numerous as the grains of sand.⁠ 19 My roots reach the water, and the dew lies on my branches all night long. 20 My glory will always be fresh in me, and my bow ever new in my hand.’ 21 “People listened to me and waited silently; they kept silent for my advice. 22 After I had spoken, they did not respond; my words fell on them drop by drop. 23 They waited for me as people wait for the rain, and they opened their mouths as for the spring rains. 24 If I smiled at them, they hardly believed it; and they did not cause the light of my face to darken. 25 I chose the way for them and sat as their chief; I lived like a king among his troops; I was like one who comforts mourners.

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Compare Job 29:18 and Genesis Rabbah 19:5

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

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Summary

In Job 29, Job hopes to live as long as the sand, a Hebrew word Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah interprets as the mythical phoenix. It follows the Greek and Roman tradition where the bird dies by fire or decay and is reborn from its own remains.

Passages

Job 29:18

Hebrew Bible
14 I put on righteousness and it clothed me; my just dealing was like a robe and a turban; 15 I was eyes for the blind and feet for the lame; 16 I was a father to the needy, and I investigated the case of the person I did not know; 17 I broke the fangs of the wicked, and made him drop his prey from his teeth. 18 “Then I thought, ‘I will die in my own home, my days as numerous as the grains of sand. 19 My roots reach the water, and the dew lies on my branches all night long. 20 My glory will always be fresh in me, and my bow ever new in my hand.’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Genesis Rabbah 19:5

Rabbinic · Aggadah
“Also [gam]” is an inclusive term; [as well as Adam,] she also fed the animals, the beasts, and the birds. All of them heeded her [and ate of the fruit] except for one bird that is called ḥol. That is what is written: “I will live many days, like the ḥol” (Job 29:18). The school of Rabbi Yanai says: It lives a thousand years, and at the end of a thousand years, fire emerges from its nest and burns it. An egg-bulk remains of it and it then grows limbs, and lives again. Rabbi Yudan ben Rabbi Shimon says: It lives a thousand years, and at the end of one thousand years, its body wastes away and its wings are shed. But an egg-bulk remains of it and it then grows limbs, and lives again.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

“... It is in the Midrash on Genesis (Bereshit Rabbah, XIX, 5) that the ḥôl of Job 29:18 was identified with the classical phoenix for the first time. From Gen 3:6 (‘she also gave her husband’) it is derived that Eve had offered the forbidden fruit to all the animals too. Only the bird ḥôl refused to eat it, “as it is written: “Then I said: I shall die with my nest and I shall multiply my days as the ḥôl’”. The text continues by saying that there was a difference concerning its death between the School of R. Jannai and that of R. Judan ben R. Simeon. R. Jannai (ca. 225 CE) holds that the bird was burned with its nest after a 1000 years, R. Judan (ca. 320 CE) that its body decomposed and its wings dropped off. In both cases only an egg was left, from which the ḥôl came to new life again. These two traditions reflect so clearly the two main versions of the classical myth of the phoenix (which, again, are unknown from Semitic or Egyptian sources) that there cannot be any doubt that the rabbis, like many modern commentators, concluded from the difficult word ‘nest’ in Job 29:18 and the longevity mentioned there that the phoenix was meant by the word ḥôl ...”
R. van den Broek, “Phoenix,” in Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ed. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst, 2nd extensively rev. ed. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers; Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999), 656–657.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 29:18 and Genesis Rabbah 19:5

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