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Job

About this book
Chapter 28

1 “Surely there is a mine for silver and a place where gold is refined. 2 Iron is taken from the ground, and rock is poured out as copper. 3 Man puts an end to the darkness; he searches the farthest recesses for the ore in the deepest darkness. 4 Far from where people live he sinks a shaft, in places travelers have long forgotten, far from other people he dangles and sways. 5 The earth, from which food comes, is overturned below as though by fire; 6 a place whose stones are sapphires that contain dust of gold; 7 a hidden path no bird of prey knows—no falcon’s eye has spotted it. 8 Proud beasts have not set foot on it, and no lion has passed along it. 9 On the flinty rock man has set to work with his hand; he has overturned mountains at their bases. 10 He has cut out channels through the rocks; his eyes have spotted every precious thing. 11 He has searched the sources of the rivers, and what was hidden he has brought into the light. 12 “But wisdom—where can it be found? Where is the place of understanding? 13 Mankind does not know its place; it cannot be found in the land of the living. 14 The deep says, ‘It is not with me.’ And the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ 15 Fine gold cannot be given in exchange for it, nor can its price be weighed out in silver. 16 It cannot be measured out for purchase with the gold of Ophir, with precious onyx or sapphires. 17 Neither gold nor crystal can be compared with it, nor can a vase of gold match its worth. 18 Of coral and jasper no mention will be made; the price of wisdom is more than pearls.⁠ 19 The topaz of Cush cannot be compared with it; it cannot be purchased with pure gold. 20 “But wisdom—where does it come from?⁠ Where is the place of understanding? 21 For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed. 22 Abaddon and Death say, ‘With our ears we have heard a rumor about where it can be found.’⁠ 23 God understands the way to it, and he alone knows its place. 24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and observes everything under the heavens.⁠ 25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge, 26 when he imposed a limit for the rain, and a path for the thunderstorm, 27 then he looked at wisdom and assessed its value; he established it and examined it closely. 28 And he said to mankind, ‘The fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.3 V:30 and Job 28:20

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The Ugaritic text KTU 1.3 and Job present the high deity as the ultimate source of wisdom. In KTU, El’s commands define what is wise and secure and Job similarly declares that wisdom comes from God alone.

Passages

KTU 1.3 V:30

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
El replied from within the seven chambers, through the eight façades of the closed rooms: “I know you, daughter, that you are pitiless, and that among goddesses there is no contempt like yours! What do you desire of me, O Virgin Anat?” And Virgin Anat replied: “Your word, El, is wise; you are everlastingly wise; a life of good fortune is your word. Our king is Valiant, Baal is our ruler; there is none who is above him. We should all carry his chalice, we should all carry his cup.” Groaning, he cries to Bull El his father, to El the king who begot him. He cries to Athirat and her sons, to the goddess and the band of her kinsmen: “There is no house for Baal like the gods, nor dwelling like the sons of Athirat.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Job 28:20

Hebrew Bible
20 “But wisdom—where does it come from? Where is the place of understanding? 21 For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed. 22 Abaddon and Death say, ‘With our ears we have heard a rumor about where it can be found.’ 23 God understands the way to it, and he alone knows its place. 24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and observes everything under the heavens. 25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge,
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... This text has long been recognized as a statement about the qualitative wisdom of El over all other divine wisdom. (The biblical texts also portray Yahweh as the source of all wisdom; Proverbs 2:6, 8:22-31, Job 28:23) Yet, the passage does not explain what is meant by hkm (wisdom). The narratives in which this line is reproduced in the mouths of the goddesses Anat and Asherah both deal with the procurement of permission for the construction of Baal’s house. The context shows only that El’s consent was mandatory for the construction of the temple; it does not clearly explain what was meant by the attribution of wisdom to the god. On the surface, the passage appears to suggest that whatever El declared was, in fact, wisdom. This would mean that El was the source of secure knowledge. The reliability of this source of knowledge is stressed by reference to eternity. Moreover, the good life seems to be tied to the declaration of El: if El decreed a “fortunate life,” it was so. Therefore, it appears that the deities in effect came to seek wisdom from El. Underlying the passage is the belief that El was the source of wisdom itself, which would imply that he had the knowledge with which to run the universe. It was El, then, who must be consulted by other gods when major decisions were to be made ..."
Lowell K. Handy, Among the Host of Heaven: The Syro-Palestinian Pantheon as Bureaucracy (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1994), 80.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.3 V:30 and Job 28:20

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