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Job

About this book
Chapter 28

1 “Surely there is a mine for silver and a place where gold is refined. 2 Iron is taken from the ground, and rock is poured out as copper. 3 Man puts an end to the darkness; he searches the farthest recesses for the ore in the deepest darkness. 4 Far from where people live he sinks a shaft, in places travelers have long forgotten, far from other people he dangles and sways. 5 The earth, from which food comes, is overturned below as though by fire; 6 a place whose stones are sapphires that contain dust of gold; 7 a hidden path no bird of prey knows—no falcon’s eye has spotted it. 8 Proud beasts have not set foot on it, and no lion has passed along it. 9 On the flinty rock man has set to work with his hand; he has overturned mountains at their bases. 10 He has cut out channels through the rocks; his eyes have spotted every precious thing. 11 He has searched the sources of the rivers, and what was hidden he has brought into the light. 12 “But wisdom—where can it be found? Where is the place of understanding? 13 Mankind does not know its place; it cannot be found in the land of the living. 14 The deep says, ‘It is not with me.’ And the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ 15 Fine gold cannot be given in exchange for it, nor can its price be weighed out in silver. 16 It cannot be measured out for purchase with the gold of Ophir, with precious onyx or sapphires. 17 Neither gold nor crystal can be compared with it, nor can a vase of gold match its worth. 18 Of coral and jasper no mention will be made; the price of wisdom is more than pearls.⁠ 19 The topaz of Cush cannot be compared with it; it cannot be purchased with pure gold. 20 “But wisdom—where does it come from?⁠ Where is the place of understanding? 21 For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed. 22 Abaddon and Death say, ‘With our ears we have heard a rumor about where it can be found.’⁠ 23 God understands the way to it, and he alone knows its place. 24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and observes everything under the heavens.⁠ 25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge, 26 when he imposed a limit for the rain, and a path for the thunderstorm, 27 then he looked at wisdom and assessed its value; he established it and examined it closely. 28 And he said to mankind, ‘The fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 28:18 and 4Q213 2:4

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings

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Summary

Job says wisdom is worth more than pearls and cannot be bought with gold. In 4Q213 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, Levi develops this image into a treasure with no equal price, protected by walls that cannot be conquered.

Passages

Job 28:18

Hebrew Bible
15 Fine gold cannot be given in exchange for it, nor can its price be weighed out in silver. 16 It cannot be measured out for purchase with the gold of Ophir, with precious onyx or sapphires. 17 Neither gold nor crystal can be compared with it, nor can a vase of gold match its worth. 18 Of coral and jasper no mention will be made; the price of wisdom is more than pearls. 19 The topaz of Cush cannot be compared with it; it cannot be purchased with pure gold.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

4Q213 2:4

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings · Aramaic Levi a
1 its hidden places, and they will not enter its gates, and not [… and not] 2 will they be able to conquer its walls … and not [… and not] 3 will they see its treasure. Its treasure … […] 4 and there is no price equal to it … […] 5 seeks wisdom; wisdom … […]
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q213

References

“... A dominant image in this passage is wisdom as a city, particu- larly as a city that cannot be conquered or plundered. This image is rather unusual. Later in the text, wisdom is described as price- less: see 13:13 and commentary there. [...] “Treasure” is often used of the fruit of wisdom or of righteous action: see Wisdom 7:14, ben Sira 29:11 and 29:12; compare 2 Enoch 50:5.374 Wisdom is also described as a treasure in 13:10 as in Isaiah 33:6 and Wis- dom 7:14 [...] In biblical wisdom literature, wisdom is often compared to gold, said to be better than gold, but it is not said to be gold. In many other passages it is compared with precious met- als and jewels: see Job 28:18, Proverbs 8:11 and 16:16. ...”
Jonas C. Greenfield, Michael E. Stone, and Esther Eshel, eds., The Aramaic Levi Document: Edition, Translation, Commentary, SVTP 19 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 203, 213.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 28:18 and 4Q213 2:4

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