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Job

About this book
Chapter 21

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Listen carefully to my words; let this be the consolation you offer me. 3 Bear with me and I will speak, and after I have spoken you may mock. 4 Is my complaint against a man? If so, why should I not be impatient? 5 Look at me and be appalled; put your hands over your mouths. 6 For, when I think about this, I am terrified and my body feels a shudder. 7 “Why do the wicked go on living, grow old, even increase in power? 8 Their children are firmly established in their presence, their offspring before their eyes. 9 Their houses are safe and without fear; and no rod of punishment from God is upon them. 10 Their bulls breed without fail; their cows calve and do not miscarry. 11 They allow their children to run like a flock; their little ones dance about. 12 They sing to the accompaniment of tambourine and harp, and make merry to the sound of the flute. 13 They live out their years in prosperity and go down to the grave in peace. 14 So they say to God, ‘Turn away from us! We do not want to know your ways. 15 Who is the Almighty, that we should serve him? What would we gain if we were to pray to him?’ 16 But their prosperity is not their own doing. The counsel of the wicked is far from me! 17 “How often is the lamp of the wicked extinguished? How often does their misfortune come upon them? How often does God apportion pain to them in his anger?⁠ 18 How often are they like straw before the wind and like chaff swept away by a whirlwind? 19 You may say, ‘God stores up a man’s punishment for his children!’ Instead let him repay the man himself so that he may be humbled!⁠ 20 Let his own eyes see his destruction; let him drink of the anger of the Almighty. 21 For what is his interest in his home after his death, when the number of his months has been broken off? 22 Can anyone teach God knowledge, since he judges those that are on high? 23 “One man dies in his full vigor, completely secure and prosperous, 24 his body well nourished, and the marrow of his bones moist. 25 And another man dies in bitterness of soul, never having tasted anything good. 26 Together they lie down in the dust, and worms cover over them both. 27 “Yes, I know what you are thinking, the schemes by which you would wrong me. 28 For you say, ‘Where now is the nobleman’s house, and where are the tents in which the wicked lived?’ 29 Have you never questioned those who travel the roads? Do you not recognize their accounts— 30 that the evil man is spared from the day of his misfortune, that he is delivered from the day of God’s wrath? 31 No one denounces his conduct to his face; no one repays him for what he has done. 32 And when he is carried to the tombs and watch is kept over the funeral mound, 33 the clods of the torrent valley are sweet to him; behind him everybody follows in procession, and before him goes a countless throng. 34 So how can you console me with your futile words? Nothing is left of your answers but deception!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 13:9 and Job 21:17

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs 13 and Job 21 use the image of a lamp to describe the fate of the unrighteous, but in opposite ways. Proverbs says that they lose their light, following an ancient Near Eastern pattern. Job challenges this, questioning why they prosper.

Passages

Proverbs 13:9

Hebrew Bible
7 There is one who pretends to be rich and yet has nothing; another pretends to be poor and yet possesses great wealth. 8 The ransom of a person’s life is his wealth, thus the poor person has never heard a threat. 9 The light of the righteous shines brightly, but the lamp of the wicked goes out. 10 With pride comes only contention, but wisdom is with the well-advised. 11 Wealth gained quickly will dwindle away, but the one who gathers it little by little will become rich.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Job 21:17

Hebrew Bible
15 Who is the Almighty, that we should serve him? What would we gain if we were to pray to him?’ 16 But their prosperity is not their own doing. The counsel of the wicked is far from me! 17 “How often is the lamp of the wicked extinguished? How often does their misfortune come upon them? How often does God apportion pain to them in his anger? 18 How often are they like straw before the wind and like chaff swept away by a whirlwind? 19 You may say, ‘God stores up a man’s punishment for his children!’ Instead let him repay the man himself so that he may be humbled!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... The Wisdom Speech (Job 28) certainly fits with the style of much of the Joban poet(s). It contains the same penchant for the obscure and esoteric that marks much of the dialogue. However, the words of the Wisdom Speech seem to be out of place on the lips of the suffering Job. The Wisdom Speech harmonizes with the larger corpus of wisdom literature in its conclusion that (“The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom” [Job 28:28]). Proverbs affirms the same type of orthodoxy (Prov 1:7). Yet the character Job has served as an anti-wisdom until Job 26. Job specifically contradicts Bildad and Proverbs 13:9 (Job 21:17). It seems bizarre that Job would radically change his argument so quickly, yet revert to his original argument in the subsequent chapters (Job 29–31) ..."
James Kipp Swinney, “Intertextual Discourse and the Problem of God: The Intersection of the Speeches of Job and Deuteronomy” (MA diss., Abilene Christian University, 2016), 23.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 13:9 and Job 21:17

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