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Job

About this book
Chapter 14

1 “Man, born of woman, lives but a few days,⁠ and they are full of trouble. 2 He grows up like a flower and then withers away; he flees like a shadow and does not remain. 3 Do you fix your eye on such a one? And do you bring me before you for judgment? 4 Who can make a clean thing come from an unclean? No one! 5 Since man’s days are determined, the number of his months is under your control; you have set his limit, and he cannot pass it.⁠ 6 Look away from him and let him desist, until he fulfills his time like a hired man. 7 “But there is hope for a tree: If it is cut down, it will sprout again, and its new shoots will not fail. 8 Although its roots may grow old in the ground and its stump begins to die in the soil, 9 at the scent of water it will flourish and put forth shoots like a new plant. 10 But man dies and is powerless; he expires—and where is he?⁠ 11 As water disappears from the sea, or a river drains away and dries up, 12 so man lies down and does not rise; until the heavens are no more, they will not awake nor arise from their sleep. 13 “O that you would hide me in Sheol, and conceal me till your anger has passed! O that you would set me a time and then remember me! 14 If a man dies, will he live again? All the days of my hard service I will wait until my release comes. 15 You will call and I—I will answer you; you will long for the creature you have made.⁠ 16 “Surely now you count my steps; then you would not mark my sin. 17 My offenses would be sealed up in a bag; you would cover over my sin. 18 But as a mountain falls away and crumbles, and as a rock will be removed from its place, 19 as water wears away stones, and torrents wash away the soil, so you destroy man’s hope. 20 You overpower him once for all, and he departs; you change his appearance and send him away. 21 If his sons are honored, he does not know it; if they are brought low, he does not see it. 22 His flesh only has pain for him, and he mourns for himself.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 14:1 and Gospel of Thomas 15

Hebrew Bible · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Job, being born of a woman is part of being mortal. In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus identifies the Father as one not born of a woman, using the familiar description of human life to say how the Father differs from people.

Passages

Job 14:1

Hebrew Bible
1 “Man, born of woman, lives but a few days, and they are full of trouble. 2 He grows up like a flower and then withers away; he flees like a shadow and does not remain. 3 Do you fix your eye on such a one? And do you bring me before you for judgment? 4 Who can make a clean thing come from an unclean? No one!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Gospel of Thomas 15

Nag Hammadi
14 Jesus said to them, “If you fast, you will bring sin upon yourselves; if you pray, you will be condemned; if you give alms, you will do harm to your spirits. When you go into any land and travel about in the countryside, if they receive you, eat what they set before you and heal the sick among them. For what goes into your mouth will not defile you; rather, what comes out of your mouth is what will defile you.” 15 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your faces and worship him; that one is your Father.” 16 Jesus said, “People perhaps think I have come to cast peace upon the world, and they do not know that I have come to cast divisions upon the earth: fire, sword, war. For there will be five in a house: three will be against two and two against three, the father against the son and the son against the father, and they will stand as solitary ones.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... When you see the one not born of woman. The phrase ‘one born of woman’ is a standard idiom for a human being (Job 14.1; 15.14; 25.4; Matt. 11.11/ Lk. 7.28/ GTh 46), perhaps especially a human qua mortal. Having been born of a woman may, in Thomas’s view, be a contributory factor to the poverty of humanity if GTh 101.3 assigns a negative quality to human maternity (see ad loc. below). [...] See the various passages in Plisch, 68–69. Less likely, since sin is not a prominent theme in Thomas, is the human qua sinner (Grant & Freedman, 135); Nordsieck, 81 and Hedrick, 44, suggest human frailty. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 273.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 14:1 and Gospel of Thomas 15

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