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Job

About this book
Chapter 12

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Without a doubt you are the people, and wisdom will die with you. 3 I also have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these? 4 I am a laughingstock to my friends, I, who called on God and whom he answered—a righteous and blameless man is a laughingstock! 5 For calamity, there is derision (according to the ideas of the fortunate)—a fate for those whose feet slip. 6 But the tents of robbers are peaceful, and those who provoke God are confident—who carry their god in their hands. 7 “But now, ask the animals and they will teach you, or the birds of the sky and they will tell you.⁠ 8 Or speak to the earth and it will teach you, or let the fish of the sea declare to you. 9 Which of all these does not know that the hand of the Lord has done this? 10 In his hand is the life of every creature and the breath of all the human race. 11 Does not the ear test words, as the tongue tastes food? 12 Is not wisdom found among the aged? Does not long life bring understanding? 13 With God are wisdom and power; counsel and understanding are his. 14 If he tears down, it cannot be rebuilt; if he imprisons a person, there is no escape. 15 If he holds back the waters, then they dry up; if he releases them, they destroy the land. 16 With him are strength and prudence; both the one who goes astray and the one who misleads are his. 17 He leads counselors away stripped and makes judges into fools. 18 He loosens the bonds of kings and binds a loincloth around their waist. 19 He leads priests away stripped and overthrows the potentates. 20 He deprives the trusted advisers of speech and takes away the discernment of elders. 21 He pours contempt on noblemen and disarms the powerful.⁠ 22 He reveals the deep things of darkness and brings deep shadows into the light. 23 He makes nations great and destroys them; he extends the boundaries of nations and disperses them. 24 He deprives the leaders of the earth of their understanding; he makes them wander in a trackless desert waste. 25 They grope about in darkness without light; he makes them stagger like drunkards.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 2:20 and Job 12:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Genesis, Adam names the animals of the land and air, but not sea creatures. This absence is apparent when compared to Job 12, where animals of land, air, and sea are invoked as witnesses to divine wisdom, echoing Genesis but expanded to fill that gap.

Passages

Genesis 2:20

Hebrew Bible
19 The Lord God formed out of the ground every living animal of the field and every bird of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them, and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20 So the man named all the animals, the birds of the air, and the living creatures of the field, but for Adam no companion who corresponded to him was found. 21 So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he was asleep, he took part of the man’s side and closed up the place with flesh.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Job 12:7

Hebrew Bible
6 But the tents of robbers are peaceful, and those who provoke God are confident—who carry their god in their hands. 7 “But now, ask the animals and they will teach you, or the birds of the sky and they will tell you. 8 Or speak to the earth and it will teach you, or let the fish of the sea declare to you. 9 Which of all these does not know that the hand of the Lord has done this?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... All human societies group organisms that share certain attributes into labeled taxa of varying degrees of specificity to form a classification system. Thus, a society will divide its entire plant or animal inventory into several primary level taxa (e.g., animals → mammals / fish / birds / invertebrates). These primary level taxa are subdivided into several, more exclusive secondary level taxa (e.g., invertebrates → insects / crustaceans / molluscs), some or all of which are subdivided into several, more exclusive tertiary level taxa (e.g., molluscs → clams / mussels / oysters), and so forth. The process of subdivision ends in a terminal level of specificity beyond which categoric distinctions are no longer made ... An Israelite who was looking at the world through the lens of the tripartite model would have seen it as an articulated totality – a single, broad, physical expanse having three sections. An Israelite who was looking at the world in this way would have seen and taken note of all three sections of the world. Thus, the land and its animals, the air and its animals, and the water and its animals would have all been situated in the foreground of the person’s perception of the world and their thoughts about it ..."
Richard Whitekettle, “The Case of the Missing Fish: Perception, Thought, and the Zoological/Physical Structure of the World in Ancient Israel,” SJOT 38.1 (2024): 25–47.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 2:20 and Job 12:7

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