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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Josiah and Judah’s Kings

Chapter 49

1 The memory of Josiah is like the blend of incense prepared by the work of the perfumer. It will be sweet like honey in every mouth, and like music at a banquet of wine. 2 He did what was right in reforming the people, and took away the detestable acts of wrongdoing. 3 He set his heart right toward the Lord. In lawless days, he made godliness prevail. 4 Except David, Hezekiah, and Josiah, all were wicked, because they abandoned the law of the Most High. The kings of Judah came to an end. 5 They gave their power to others, and their glory to a foreign nation. 6 They set the chosen city of the sanctuary on fire and made her streets desolate, as Jeremiah had written.

Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Prophets

7 For they mistreated him, yet he was made holy in the womb to be a prophet, to uproot, to bring suffering, to destroy and likewise to build and to plant. 8 Ezekiel saw the vision of glory, which God showed him on the chariot of the cherubim.⁠ 9 For truly he remembered the enemies in a rainstorm, and remembered to do good to those who directed their ways rightly. 10 Also of the twelve prophets, may their bones flourish again from their place.⁠ He comforted the people of Jacob, and delivered them by confident hope.

The Leaders of the Restoration

11 How can we proclaim Zerubbabel’s greatness? He was like a signet ring on the right hand.⁠ 12 So was Joshua the son of Jehozadak, who in their days built the house, and exalted a people holy to the Lord, prepared for everlasting glory. 13 Nehemiah’s memory is also great. He raised up for us fallen walls, set up the gates and bars, and rebuilt our houses.⁠

The Earliest Ancestors

14 No man was created on the earth like Enoch, for he was taken up from the earth. 15 Nor was there a man born like Joseph, a leader of his relatives, a supporter of the people. Even his bones were cared for.⁠ 16 Shem and Seth were honored among men, but Adam was above every living thing in creation.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Haggai 2:23 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 49:11

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Haggai portrays Zerubbabel as divinely chosen, comparing him to a signet ring that represents royal authority given by God. Sirach similarly honors Zerubbabel among Israel’s notable leaders, reinforcing the same themes of election and legitimate rule.

Passages

Haggai 2:23

Hebrew Bible
21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready to shake the sky and the earth. 22 I will overthrow royal thrones and shatter the might of earthly kingdoms. I will overthrow chariots and those who ride them, and horses and their riders will fall as people kill one another. 23 On that day,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant,’ says the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 49:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
9 For truly he remembered the enemies in a rainstorm,
and remembered to do good to those who directed their ways rightly.
10 Also of the twelve prophets,
may their bones flourish again from their place.
He comforted the people of Jacob,
and delivered them by confident hope.
11 How can we proclaim Zerubbabel’s greatness?
He was like a signet ring on the right hand.
12 So was Joshua the son of Jehozadak,
who in their days built the house,
and exalted a people holy to the Lord,
prepared for everlasting glory.
13 Nehemiah’s memory is also great.
He raised up for us fallen walls,
set up the gates and bars,
and rebuilt our houses.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... As the narrative progresses, Mordecai is presented as a substitute king. Like Joseph in Genesis 41:42, Mordecai is given the signet ring in Esther 8:2, signifying the investiture of a “viceroy ... [or] vassal-king” who can act in the name of the king. (Compare Genesis 41:42; Esther 3:10, 12; 8:8, 10; Haggai 2:23; Sirach 49:11; ANET 295) He is then paraded through the streets again in regal fashion (8:15), before being given an official title for the highest ranked person other than the king. Presumably this is a higher position than the one held by Haman, as Haman was previously in a higher position than anyone-else (compare Esther 3:1), with all but regal authority; to be a šar puḫi was the only possible form of advancement. As part of the burlesque of the narrative, instead of Haman receiving this honour it is Mordecai who does ..."
D. M. Lees, “Intertextual Ripples of the Book of Esther: An Evaluation of Σταυρωθήτω and Ἰουδαΐζω in the New Testament” (PhD diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2018), 242.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Haggai 2:23 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 49:11

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