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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Elijah

Chapter 48

1 Then Elijah arose, the prophet like fire. His word burned like a torch. 2 He brought a famine on them, and by his zeal made them few in number. 3 By the word of the Lord he closed the heavens. He brought down fire three times. 4 How you were glorified, Elijah, in your wonderful deeds!⁠ Whose glory is like yours? 5 You raised a dead man from death, from Hades, by the word of the Most High. 6 You brought down kings to destruction, and honorable men from their sickbeds. 7 You heard rebuke in Sinai, and judgments of vengeance in Horeb. 8 You anointed kings for retribution, and prophets to succeed you. 9 You were taken up in a storm of fire, in a chariot of fiery horses. 10 You were recorded for rebukes in their seasons, to calm anger, before it broke out into fury, to turn the heart of the father to the son,⁠ and to restore the tribes of Jacob. 11 Blessed are those who saw you, and those who have been made beautiful with love, for we too will surely live.

Elisha and Israel’s Failure to Repent

12 Elijah was wrapped in a whirlwind. Elisha was filled with his spirit. In his days he was not moved by the fear of any ruler, and no one brought him under control. 13 Nothing was too hard for him. When he was buried, his body prophesied. 14 He did wonders in his life, and his works were also marvelous in death. 15 Despite all this the people didn’t repent. They didn’t turn from their sins, until they were carried away as captured property from their land, and were scattered through all the earth. The people were left very few in number, but with a ruler from the house of David. 16 Some of them did what was right, but some multiplied sins.

Hezekiah and Isaiah

17 Hezekiah fortified his city, and brought water into its middle. He tunneled through rock with iron, and built cisterns for water. 18 In his days Sennacherib invaded, and sent Rabshakeh, and departed. He lifted up his hand against Zion, and boasted great things in his arrogance. 19 Then their hearts and their hands were shaken, and they were in pain, like women in labor. 20 But they called on the Lord who is merciful, spreading out their hands to him. The Holy One quickly heard them out of Heaven, and delivered them by the hand of Isaiah. 21 He struck the camp of the Assyrians, and his angel utterly destroyed them. 22 For Hezekiah did what pleased the Lord, and was strong in the ways of his ancestor David, which Isaiah the prophet commanded, who was great and faithful in his vision.⁠ 23 In his days the sun went backward. He prolonged the life of the king. 24 He saw by an excellent spirit what would happen in the future, and he comforted those who mourned in Zion.⁠ 25 He showed the things that would happen through the end of time, and the hidden things before they happened.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 48:10 and Matthew 17:11

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 17, Jesus refers to Elijah’s return to restore order before the end of the age, using language also found in Sirach. Both describe Elijah as a figure chosen to renew Israel’s unity, following an interpretation of Malachi.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 48:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 By the word of the Lord he closed the heavens.
He brought down fire three times.
4 How you were glorified, Elijah, in your wonderful deeds!
Whose glory is like yours?
5 You raised a dead man from death,
from Hades, by the word of the Most High.
6 You brought down kings to destruction,
and honorable men from their sickbeds.
7 You heard rebuke in Sinai,
and judgments of vengeance in Horeb.
8 You anointed kings for retribution,
and prophets to succeed you.
9 You were taken up in a storm of fire,
in a chariot of fiery horses.
10 You were recorded for rebukes in their seasons,
to calm anger,
before it broke out into fury,
to turn the heart of the father to the son,
and to restore the tribes of Jacob.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 17:11

New Testament
8 When they looked up, all they saw was Jesus alone. 9 As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about the vision until the Son of Man is raised from the dead.” 10 The disciples asked him, “Why then do the experts in the law say that Elijah must come first?” 11 He answered, “Elijah does indeed come first and will restore all things. 12 And I tell you that Elijah has already come. Yet they did not recognize him, but did to him whatever they wanted. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.” 13 Then the disciples understood that he was speaking to them about John the Baptist.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The reappearance of Elijah was connected with eschatological events. This verse has as its biblical background Malachi 3:23–24 (NRSV 4:5–6, which has the phrase “to turn the hearts of parents to their children”) ... The Hebrew participle 'haketuv' is most often translated “it is written.” But this translation breaks up the consistent use of the participles in verses 5–10 to refer specifically to Elijah. This one must refer to the prophet as well. An alternative translation might be: “The one who is certainly appointed (or: enrolled) for the time.” ..."
Benjamin G. Wright in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 2340.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 48:10 and Matthew 17:11

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