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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 42

1 of repeating and speaking what you have heard, and of revealing secrets. So you will be ashamed of the right things and find favor in the sight of every man. Don’t be ashamed of these things, and don’t sin to save face:

Things That Should Not Cause Shame

2 of the law of the Most High and his covenant, of judgment to do justice to the ungodly, 3 of settling accounts with a partner and with travelers, of a gift from the inheritance of friends, 4 of accurate scales and weights, of getting much or little, 5 of bargaining and dealing with merchants, of frequent correction of children, and of making the back of an evil slave bleed. 6 A seal is good where an evil wife is. Where there are many hands, lock things up. 7 Whatever you hand over, let it be by number and weight. In giving and receiving, let all be in writing. 8 Don’t be ashamed to instruct the unwise and foolish, and one of extreme old age who argues with those who are young. So you will be well instructed indeed and approved in the sight of every living man.

Anxiety about Daughters

9 A daughter is a secret cause of wakefulness to a father. Care for her takes away sleep: in her youth, for fear that she will move past the bloom of her youth, when she is married, for fear that she will be hated,⁠ 10 in her virginity, for fear that she will be defiled and become pregnant in her father’s house, when she has a husband, for fear that she will do wrong, and when she is married, for fear that she will be unable to have children. 11 Keep a strict watch over a headstrong daughter, so that she does not make you a laughingstock to your enemies, a byword in the city and notorious among the people, and shame you in public. 12 Don’t gaze at every beautiful body. Don’t sit among women. 13 For a moth comes from garments, and a woman’s wickedness comes from a woman. 14 A man’s wickedness is better than a pleasant woman, a woman who puts you to shame and disgrace.

God’s Wisdom in Creation

15 I will now mention the works of the Lord, and will declare the things that I have seen. The Lord’s works are in his words.⁠ 16 The sun that gives light looks at all things. The Lord’s work is full of his glory. 17 The Lord has not given power to the holy ones to declare all his marvelous works, which the Almighty Lord firmly settled, so that the universe might be established in his glory. 18 He searches out the deep and the heart. He has understanding of their secrets. For the Most High knows all knowledge. He sees the signs of the world. 19 He declares the things that are past and the things that will be, and reveals the traces of hidden things. 20 No thought escapes him. There is not a word hidden from him. 21 He has ordered the mighty works of his wisdom. He is from everlasting to everlasting. Nothing has been added to them, or taken away from them. He had no need of any counselor. 22 How desirable are all his works! One may see this even in a spark. 23 All these things live and remain forever in every kind of uses. They are all obedient. 24 All things are in pairs, one opposite the other. He has made nothing imperfect. 25 One thing establishes the good things of another. Who could ever see enough of his glory?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 24:1 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 42:9

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach 42 alludes to Deuteronomy 24 with similar language about a husband's displeasure and the act of divorce, and the use of “to hate” that introduces separation in both. This connection is notable because later traditions rarely mention divorce.

Passages

Deuteronomy 24:1

Hebrew Bible
1 If a man marries a woman and she does not please him because he has found something indecent in her, then he may draw up a divorce document, give it to her, and evict her from his house. 2 When she has left him she may go and become someone else’s wife. 3 If the second husband rejects her and then divorces her, gives her the papers, and evicts her from his house, or if the second husband who married her dies, 4 her first husband who divorced her is not permitted to remarry her after she has become ritually impure, for that is offensive to the Lord. You must not bring guilt on the land that the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance. 5 When a man is newly married, he need not go into the army nor be obligated in any way; he must be free to stay at home for a full year and bring joy to the wife he has married.
640–500 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 42:9

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 Don’t be ashamed to instruct the unwise and foolish,
and one of extreme old age who argues with those who are young.
So you will be well instructed indeed and approved in the sight of every living man.
9 A daughter is a secret cause of wakefulness to a father.
Care for her takes away sleep:
in her youth, for fear that she will move past the bloom of her youth,
when she is married, for fear that she will be hated,
10 in her virginity, for fear that she will be defiled and become pregnant in her father’s house,
when she has a husband, for fear that she will do wrong,
and when she is married, for fear that she will be unable to have children.
11 Keep a strict watch over a headstrong daughter,
so that she does not make you a laughingstock to your enemies,
a byword in the city and notorious among the people,
and shame you in public.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... References to divorce in the intertestamental literature are sparse. Marcus apparently saw no need to include the subject in his discussion of halakhah in the Apocrypha or to include the Pseudepigrapha under his purview. Only three passages in Ben Sira possibly relate to the termination of marriage. These are Ben Sira 23:22–27; 25:2; and 42:9. Closer scrutiny indicates that 23:22–27 does not really refer to divorce. Ben Sira 42:9 utilizes the same term, “to hate,” that occurs at Elephantine and at Deuteronomy 24:3 and that is taken as introductory to divorce. Ben Sira 25:2 appears to allow divorce for any reason, Hillelite style ..."
Phillip Sigal, The Halakhah of Jesus of Nazareth according to the Gospel of Matthew, StBibLit 18 (Atlanta: SBL, 2007), 130.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 24:1 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 42:9

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